Table 1 Measures Constructs/references... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Measures

Constructs/references	Instruments	Cronbach’s alpha
Technopreneurial self-efficacy as adapted from Salhieh and Al-Abdallat (2022)	• I show great aptitude for creativity and innovation • I show great aptitude for leadership and problem-solving • I can develop and maintain favourable relationships with potential investors interested in new technology-based innovations • I can see new market opportunities for new technology-based products and services • I can develop a working environment that encourages people to try something new	0.939
Technopreneurship education as adopted from Belmonte et al. (2022)	• Technopreneurship contributes to economic development • Technopreneurship can make someone self-independent • Technopreneurship education has enabled me to identify business-related opportunities • Through technopreneurship education, my skills, knowledge, and interest in entrepreneurship have all improved • Technopreneurship education activities have stimulated my interest in technopreneurship	0.941
Technopreneurship intention as adapted from Salhieh and Al-Abdallat (2022)	• A career as a technopreneur (i.e. developing technology-based ventures) is attractive to me • If I had the opportunity and resources, I would like to start a technology-based business • People I care about would approve of my intentions to become a technopreneur • Most people who are important to me would approve of me becoming a technopreneur • Being a technopreneur gives me satisfaction • Being a technopreneur implies more advantages than disadvantages to me • Amongst various options, I would rather be a technopreneur	0.935
Technological optimism as adapted from Othman et al. (2020)	• Technology makes transaction completion more efficient for me • Technology makes me more efficient in my transaction • I prefer using the most advanced technology that is available • Processes that use the newest technology are much more convenient for me to use • I use technology tailored to fit my needs	0.928

Constructs/references	Instruments	Cronbach’s alpha
Technopreneurial self-efficacy as adapted from Salhieh and Al-Abdallat (2022)	• I show great aptitude for creativity and innovation • I show great aptitude for leadership and problem-solving • I can develop and maintain favourable relationships with potential investors interested in new technology-based innovations • I can see new market opportunities for new technology-based products and services • I can develop a working environment that encourages people to try something new	0.939
Technopreneurship education as adopted from Belmonte et al. (2022)	• Technopreneurship contributes to economic development • Technopreneurship can make someone self-independent • Technopreneurship education has enabled me to identify business-related opportunities • Through technopreneurship education, my skills, knowledge, and interest in entrepreneurship have all improved • Technopreneurship education activities have stimulated my interest in technopreneurship	0.941
Technopreneurship intention as adapted from Salhieh and Al-Abdallat (2022)	• A career as a technopreneur (i.e. developing technology-based ventures) is attractive to me • If I had the opportunity and resources, I would like to start a technology-based business • People I care about would approve of my intentions to become a technopreneur • Most people who are important to me would approve of me becoming a technopreneur • Being a technopreneur gives me satisfaction • Being a technopreneur implies more advantages than disadvantages to me • Amongst various options, I would rather be a technopreneur	0.935
Technological optimism as adapted from Othman et al. (2020)	• Technology makes transaction completion more efficient for me • Technology makes me more efficient in my transaction • I prefer using the most advanced technology that is available • Processes that use the newest technology are much more convenient for me to use • I use technology tailored to fit my needs	0.928

Source(s): Researchers’ conception (2024)