Definitions of MS
| Definition | Source |
|---|---|
| “Refer to situations of exploitation that a person cannot refuse or cannot leave because of threats, violence, deception, abuse of power or other forms of coercion” | ILO et al. (2022, p. 2) |
| “Constituting control over a person in such a way as to significantly deprive that person of his or her individual liberty, with the intent of exploitation through the use, management, profit, transfer or disposal of that person. Usually this exercise will be supported by and obtained through means such as violent force, deception and/or coercion” | Bellagio-Harvard Guidelines (2012, p. 16) |
| “The recruitment and subsequent exploitation of a person … who is deprived of their individual liberty anywhere along the product, human or labour supply chain to the final customer for service provision or production” | Strand et al. (2023, p. 2) |
| “Modern slavery involves one party forcing another party to work, controlling them through threats, restricting their movement, treating them as a commodity and financially exploiting them” | Flynn and Walker (2021, p. 296) |
| “‘modern slavery’ describes various forms of severe relational labour exploitation. In the realm of global value chains and global factories that are led by multinational enterprises, modern slavery encompasses practices such as forced labour and debt bondage” | Caspersz et al. (2022, p. 178) |
| ““modern slavery” to encompass bonded labour, forced labour, human trafficking, slavery and other forms of exploitative labour relations” | Burmester et al. (2019, p. 140) |
| “Central to understandings of modern slavery are loss of free will, immobility, the use of violence (or the threat of violence) and economic exploitation, emerging primarily through debt-bondage and ‘contract slavery’ in hazardous manual labour” | Brown et al. (2021, p. 192) |
| Definition | Source |
|---|---|
| “Refer to situations of exploitation that a person cannot refuse or cannot leave because of threats, violence, deception, abuse of power or other forms of coercion” | ILO |
| “Constituting control over a person in such a way as to significantly deprive that person of his or her individual liberty, with the intent of exploitation through the use, management, profit, transfer or disposal of that person. Usually this exercise will be supported by and obtained through means such as violent force, deception and/or coercion” | |
| “The recruitment and subsequent exploitation of a person … who is deprived of their individual liberty anywhere along the product, human or labour supply chain to the final customer for service provision or production” | |
| “Modern slavery involves one party forcing another party to work, controlling them through threats, restricting their movement, treating them as a commodity and financially exploiting them” | |
| “‘modern slavery’ describes various forms of severe relational labour exploitation. In the realm of global value chains and global factories that are led by multinational enterprises, modern slavery encompasses practices such as forced labour and debt bondage” | |
| ““modern slavery” to encompass bonded labour, forced labour, human trafficking, slavery and other forms of exploitative labour relations” | |
| “Central to understandings of modern slavery are loss of free will, immobility, the use of violence (or the threat of violence) and economic exploitation, emerging primarily through debt-bondage and ‘contract slavery’ in hazardous manual labour” |
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