Survey items (independent variables)
| Label | Item |
|---|---|
| Exchange with customers | |
| CFa | We maintain an intensive and regular exchange with our customers |
| Knowledge about competitors | |
| MF_Aa | We have extensive knowledge about our strongest competitors |
| MF_Bb | Which channels and measures do you use at least once a year to systematically collect information and data on your largest competitors? |
| MF_B1 | Internet research |
| MF_B2 | Publications, e.g. annual reports or press releases |
| MF_B3 | Fairs |
| MF_B4 | Congresses |
| MF_B5 | External agency or consultant |
| MF_B6 | Others |
| MF_B7 | We do not systematically collect information and data on our largest competitors |
| Professional information input | |
| NF_Ab | Which channels and measures do you use at least once a year to systematically collect information and data on your customer target groups? |
| NF_A1 | Internet research |
| NF_A2 | Publications, e.g. studies or press articles |
| NF_A3 | Fairs |
| NF_A4 | Congresses |
| NF_A5 | External agency or consultant |
| NF_A6 | Feedback platforms |
| NF_A7 | Others |
| NF_A8 | We do not systematically collect information and data on our customer target groups |
| NF_Bb | Which channels and measures are used in your company to systematically collect information on new technical and digital trends and developments? |
| NF_B1 | Internet research |
| NF_B2 | Fairs/Congresses |
| NF_B3 | Presentations |
| NF_B4 | Trade publications, e.g. magazines, podcasts |
| NF_B5 | Training courses and seminars |
| NF_B6 | External agency or consulting |
| NF_B7 | Others |
| NF_B8 | We do not use any of the aforementioned channels and measures to systematically collect information on new technical and digital trends and developments |
| Label | Item |
|---|---|
| We maintain an intensive and regular exchange with our customers | |
| We have extensive knowledge about our strongest competitors | |
| Which channels and measures do you use at least once a year to systematically collect information and data on your largest competitors? | |
| Internet research | |
| Publications, e.g. annual reports or press releases | |
| Fairs | |
| Congresses | |
| External agency or consultant | |
| Others | |
| We do not systematically collect information and data on our largest competitors | |
| Which channels and measures do you use at least once a year to systematically collect information and data on your customer target groups? | |
| Internet research | |
| Publications, e.g. studies or press articles | |
| Fairs | |
| Congresses | |
| External agency or consultant | |
| Feedback platforms | |
| Others | |
| We do not systematically collect information and data on our customer target groups | |
| Which channels and measures are used in your company to systematically collect information on new technical and digital trends and developments? | |
| Internet research | |
| Fairs/Congresses | |
| Presentations | |
| Trade publications, e.g. magazines, podcasts | |
| Training courses and seminars | |
| External agency or consulting | |
| Others | |
| We do not use any of the aforementioned channels and measures to systematically collect information on new technical and digital trends and developments | |
Note(s): aSix-point Likert scale; bMultiple choice
Source(s): Table by authors
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