Table 5 Benefits of CE in CDWM Category...

Table 5

Benefits of CE in CDWM

Category	Benefits	Reference
Economic	Maximize monetary	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Ganiyu et al. (2020), Mahpour (2018)
	Recycled waste items	Han et al. (2024), Sharma et al. (2022), Lu et al. (2021a, b)
	Minimize resource scarcity	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Ruiz et al. (2020), Mahpour (2018)
	Reduce raw materials supply costs	Lim et al. (2024), HaitherAli and Anjali (2023), Oluleye et al. (2022a, b)
	Reduce transportation requirements and disposal costs	Gherman et al. (2023), Herrador (2024), Oluleye et al. (2022a, b)
	Improve organization’s competitiveness	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Oluleye et al. (2022a, b), Mahpour (2018)
	Improve resource efficiencies	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Flynn et al. (2019), Mahpour (2018)
	Reduce supply risk and demand-driven price	Herrador (2024), Luciano et al. (2022), Oluleye et al. (2022a, b)
	Resource productivity	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Ruiz et al. (2020)
	Maximize the use of CDW	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Gherman et al. (2023), Mahpour (2018)
	Decreased volume of CDW going into landfills	Saeed et al. (2023), Doussoulin and Bittencourt (2022)
Social	Increase job creation and employment opportunities	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Doussoulin and Bittencourt (2022)
	Resilience	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Shooshtarian et al. (2023), Oyedele et al. (2014)
	Educate public and industry leaders regarding green practices	Bonoli et al. (2021), Yang et al. (2021)
	Minimum reliance on imports	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Zaman et al. (2023), Gherman et al. (2023)
	Meet land and housing need of community	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Ganiyu et al. (2020)
	Improved public health	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Huang et al. (2021)
Environmental	Minimize environmental impacts associated with landfilling	HaitherAli and Anjali (2023), Superti et al., (2021)
	Reduce embodied energy	Saradara et al. (2024a), Rayhan and Bhuiyan (2024)
	Reduce overall carbon footprint	Saradara et al. (2024a), Ma et al. (2022), Hao et al. (2020), Nuβholz et al. (2019)
	Clean environments	Lee et al. (2023), Nuβholz et al. (2019)
	Sustainable resources	HaitherAli and Anjali (2023), Superti et al., (2021)
	Clean energy	Rayhan and Bhuiyan (2024), Nuβholz et al. (2019)
	Promoting sustainable, recycled, and renewable materials	Han et al. (2024), Sharma et al. (2022), Asante et al. (2022), Lu et al. (2021a, b)
	Protect natural materials	Zaman et al. (2023), Victar and Waidyasekara (2023)
	Protect space from landfills	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Saeed et al. (2023), Doussoulin and Bittencourt (2022)
	Reduce need for new waste landfills	Saradara et al. (2024a), Ramos et al. (2023a), Saeed et al. (2023), Doussoulin and Bittencourt (2022)
	Reducing illegal disposal	Antunes et al. (2024), Oliveira et al. (2021), Ruiz et al. (2020)
	Decrease overall CO2 emission	Ma et al. (2022), Ginga et al. (2020), Xu et al. (2019)
	Complying with relevant policies and regulations	Nie et al. (2024), Herrador (2024), Sharma et al. (2022)
	Prolonging the life of landfill sites	Oluleye et al. (2022a, b), Torgautov et al. (2022)
	Reduce GHGs emissions, use of fossil fuels, and other pollutants	Rahigude et al. (2022), Hao et al. (2020), Nuβholz et al. (2019)

Category	Benefits	Reference
Economic	Maximize monetary	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Ganiyu et al. (2020), Mahpour (2018)
	Recycled waste items	Han et al. (2024), Sharma et al. (2022), Lu et al. (2021a, b)
	Minimize resource scarcity	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Ruiz et al. (2020), Mahpour (2018)
	Reduce raw materials supply costs	Lim et al. (2024), HaitherAli and Anjali (2023), Oluleye et al. (2022a, b)
	Reduce transportation requirements and disposal costs	Gherman et al. (2023), Herrador (2024), Oluleye et al. (2022a, b)
	Improve organization’s competitiveness	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Oluleye et al. (2022a, b), Mahpour (2018)
	Improve resource efficiencies	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Flynn et al. (2019), Mahpour (2018)
	Reduce supply risk and demand-driven price	Herrador (2024), Luciano et al. (2022), Oluleye et al. (2022a, b)
	Resource productivity	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Ruiz et al. (2020)
	Maximize the use of CDW	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Gherman et al. (2023), Mahpour (2018)
	Decreased volume of CDW going into landfills	Saeed et al. (2023), Doussoulin and Bittencourt (2022)
Social	Increase job creation and employment opportunities	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Doussoulin and Bittencourt (2022)
	Resilience	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Shooshtarian et al. (2023), Oyedele et al. (2014)
	Educate public and industry leaders regarding green practices	Bonoli et al. (2021), Yang et al. (2021)
	Minimum reliance on imports	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Zaman et al. (2023), Gherman et al. (2023)
	Meet land and housing need of community	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Ganiyu et al. (2020)
	Improved public health	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Huang et al. (2021)
Environmental	Minimize environmental impacts associated with landfilling	HaitherAli and Anjali (2023), Superti et al., (2021)
	Reduce embodied energy	Saradara et al. (2024a), Rayhan and Bhuiyan (2024)
	Reduce overall carbon footprint	Saradara et al. (2024a), Ma et al. (2022), Hao et al. (2020), Nuβholz et al. (2019)
	Clean environments	Lee et al. (2023), Nuβholz et al. (2019)
	Sustainable resources	HaitherAli and Anjali (2023), Superti et al., (2021)
	Clean energy	Rayhan and Bhuiyan (2024), Nuβholz et al. (2019)
	Promoting sustainable, recycled, and renewable materials	Han et al. (2024), Sharma et al. (2022), Asante et al. (2022), Lu et al. (2021a, b)
	Protect natural materials	Zaman et al. (2023), Victar and Waidyasekara (2023)
	Protect space from landfills	Swarnakar and Khalfan (2024), Saeed et al. (2023), Doussoulin and Bittencourt (2022)
	Reduce need for new waste landfills	Saradara et al. (2024a), Ramos et al. (2023a), Saeed et al. (2023), Doussoulin and Bittencourt (2022)
	Reducing illegal disposal	Antunes et al. (2024), Oliveira et al. (2021), Ruiz et al. (2020)
	Decrease overall CO2 emission	Ma et al. (2022), Ginga et al. (2020), Xu et al. (2019)
	Complying with relevant policies and regulations	Nie et al. (2024), Herrador (2024), Sharma et al. (2022)
	Prolonging the life of landfill sites	Oluleye et al. (2022a, b), Torgautov et al. (2022)
	Reduce GHGs emissions, use of fossil fuels, and other pollutants	Rahigude et al. (2022), Hao et al. (2020), Nuβholz et al. (2019)

Source(s): Table created by authors

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