Table A1.

Scales and their sources

Knowledge culture
(Kucharska and Bedford, 2020)
  • All employees perceive knowledge as a valuable resource

  • We have a common language to support knowledge exchange

  • We are encouraged to share knowledge, ideas and thoughts

  • We care about the quality of knowledge that we share

Learning culture
(Kucharska and Bedford, 2020)
Learning climate component
  • All staff demonstrate a high learning disposition

  • We are encouraged to engage in personal development

  • We are encouraged to implement new ideas every day

  • We are encouraged to engage in seeking new solutions


Mistakes acceptance component
  • People know that mistakes are a learning consequence and tolerate it up to a certain limit

  • Most people freely declare mistakes

  • We discuss problems openly without blaming others

  • Mistakes are tolerated and treated as learning opportunities

Collaborative culture
(Kucharska and Bedford, 2020)
  • My company supports cooperation between workers

  • Cooperation among the different duties, teams and departments was encouraged

  • Coworkers volunteer their support even without being asked

People support each other
Tacit knowledge sharing
(Kucharska and Erickson, 2023)
  • I share knowledge learned from my own experience

  • I have the opportunity to learn from the experiences of others

  • Colleagues share new ideas with me

  • Colleagues include me in discussions about the best practices

Explicit knowledge sharing
(Kucharska and Kopytko, 2024a)
  • There is a formal policy encouraging knowledge sharing at my place of work

  • Knowledge is shared among people in my team and division

  • Other teams and divisions share knowledge with us

  • We share our knowledge with other teams and divisions

Change adaptability (org. intelligence – IQ)
(Kucharska and Bedford, 2020)
  • We are flexible to changes

  • We can adjust ourselves to changes

  • We adapt to changes easily

  • We used changes

Market competitiveness pressure
Authors’ own designed query
  • How do you perceive the competitiveness of the market in which your company operates (high/low)?

The DBM
Kucharska and Kopytko (2024a) 
PERSONAL LEVEL
  • I know that mistakes are inevitable when acting in high-uncertainty conditions or new contexts (attitude)

  • I never hide mistakes (behavior)


COMPANY LEVEL
  • Mistakes are perceived as a natural consequence of the learning process, searching for new solutions and experimenting (attitude)

  • People report mistakes in my workplace (behavior).


BOSS LEVEL
  • Our boss claims that mistakes happen and are worth admitting (attitude)

  • I never saw people experience shame or blame when they admit mistakes in my workplace (behavior)


(TRUE/FALSE)
If the contradiction between ATTITUDE/BEHAVIOR is detected, then the bias is detected; if there is no contradiction, there is no bias; if there is bias at personal and organizational or boss level detected – then the bias is doubled. Kucharska and Kopytko (2024) revealed that because leaders shape organizational behavior, these two are often closely related and treated as the same)
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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