Table 1

Summary of challenges and obstacles in previous studies

Factors
StudiesSelf-efficacyFamily relatedSocial culturalEthnic gender work categorizationBusiness relatedFinancial accessArea of studyCountry
Dhaliwal (1998, 2000, 2007) √√√√√ Asian EntrepreneursUK
Clark and Drinkwater (2000)    √  Ethnic Minority in England and WalesUK
Fielden et al. (2003)   √√  WomenUK
Bradley and Boles (2003)    √  South AsianUK
Marlow and Carter (2004) √√    Female Self EmploymentUK
Carter et al. (2006)  √√   Women EntrepreneurUK
Morris et al. (2006) √  √  Women entrepreneursUSA
Kwong et al. (2009)      √Ethnic MinorityUK
Ram and Jones (2008a, b)    √ Ethnic MinorityUK
Minniti (2009)   √   Women entrepreneursoverall
Davidson et al. (2010) √  √ √Black, Asian, Minority Ethnic female business ownersUK
Dhaliwal (2010)  √√ √ UKUK
Bates (2011)    √  Ethnic minority womenUSA
Kariv (2013)   √√  Women entrepreneuroverall
Carter et al. (2015)    √√√Ethnic Minority and women EntrepreneursUK
Ullah et al. (2016) √     Ethnic minorityUK
Rahman et al. (2018)    √√√Ethnic minorityUK
Thapa Karki and Xheneti (2018)    √  Nepali WomenNepal
Surangi (2018)      √Female entrepreneursSri Lanka
Xheneti et al. (2019)  √  √ Nepali WomenNepal
Reyes and Neergaard (2023)   √   Women EntrepreneursMultiple
Isaga (2019)  √    Female entrepreneursTanzania
Chen et al. (2022)      √Women Entrepreneur62 countries
Lopes et al. (2023)    √  Portuguese social entrepreneursPortugal
Corrêa et al. (2022, 2024)  √√√√√Female EntrepreneursMultiple

Source(s): Authors' own work

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