Note(s): This table summarizes the performance evaluation of ML forecasting models. Four ML models are used: Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), Categorical Boosting (CB), Random Forest (RF), and Linear Regression (LR). Panel A represents the R-square results, Panel B displays the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Panel C shows the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Panel D reports the Quasi-Likelihood (QLIKE)

Source(s): Authors’ own work