Table 4

Multivariate analysis results

Variables(1)(2)(3)(4)
REM1VIF
Audit−0.034***−0.003−0.023***2.33
Audit × Leverage0.058**0.0210.0322.15
Leverage−0.080***−0.015−0.075***1.81
Audit × CFO−0.071**−0.042**−0.075***1.63
CFO−1.007***−0.998***−1.004***1.53
Firmsize0.011***0.011***0.011***1.62
ROA0.049*0.254***0.052**1.24
PPE−0.014−0.043***−0.0121.25
State0.0030.011***−0.0041.08
Constant−0.264***−0.276***−0.253*** 
Mean VIF   1.63
Year FENoYesYes 
Firm FENoYesNo
Sector FENoNoYes
Observations5,3875,3875,387
R-squared0.6000.9160.655 

Note(s): *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at the 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 levels, respectively

Source(s): Author’s estimation

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