Table 6

Robustness analysis of hypotheses testing

PathwayTransparency levelScenarioEffectBootSE95% CI (Lower)95% CI (Upper)Outcome
Panel A: Indirect effects of Anthropomorphism on purchase intention through social presence
Anthropomorphism → SP → PItransp = 2.0Poster0.47060.12080.24290.7209H2: Supported
 Chatbot0.56100.13900.29550.8414H2: Supported
 transp = 4.5Poster0.37450.09480.19410.5676H2: Supported
 Chatbot0.46500.11790.24010.7030H2: Supported
 transp = 6.02Poster0.31610.08790.15450.4982H2: Supported
 Chatbot0.40660.11290.19770.6397H2: Supported
Panel B: Moderation of transparency on Anthropomorphism → SP
PathwayTransparency levelScenarioEffectSEp-valueOutcome
Anthropomorphism → SPtransp = 2.0Poster1,9580.2330<0.001H3a: Supported
  Chatbot2,3350.2120<0.001H3a: Supported
 transp = 4.5Poster1,5590.2156<0.001H3a: Supported
  Chatbot1,9350.2361<0.001H3a: Supported
 transp = 6.02Poster1,3160.2156<0.001H3a: Supported
  Chatbot1,6920.2361<0.001H3a: Supported
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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