Table 1

Calibration rules

ConditionsDescriptionCalibration
IntegralThis relates to the object. It concerns the number of topics that are discussedCases with an integral scope, combining different spatial functions, are scored 1. Cases with a sectoral scope, focused on one spatial planning function such as a road, railway, or a waterway, are scored 0
ConsultantThis relates to the subject. It concerns the one that steers the opening up of the process (the “driver”)Cases in which a consultant is hired to facilitate the process are scored 1. Cases in which the governmental project team facilitated the process itself are scored 0
IdeaThis relates to the purpose of the process, to the specific aim for opening upCases with the aim of idea generation are scored 1. Cases where the aim is focused on gaining support or legitimacy are scored 0
PhysicalThis relates to the practices of the opening up, to their online or offline characterCases with physical meetings, or with a mix of both physical and online meetings, are scored 1. Cases with only online meetings are scored 0
OutcomeDescriptionCalibration
OpenThis outcome is related to the type of involvement of external stakeholders (inclusion) and to the visibility, for external stakeholders, of information about an organization’s strategy and the strategy process (transparency)Subdimension Inclusion: Cases in which the content was co-created—i.e. collaboratively and iteratively developed, revised, and jointly created with the external stakeholders—are scored 1. Cases in which this was not so are scored 0
Subdimension Transparency: Cases in which non-mandatory information concerning both content and process was made visible to external stakeholders are scored 1. Cases in which this was not so are scored 0
Outcome Openness: Cases that are both inclusive and transparent are scored with 1. Cases that do not meet both criteria are scored with 0

Source(s): Authors’ work

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