Overview of sampled articles
| Title | Authors | Year | Methodology | Focus/aim of research |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Conceptual Framework for Achieving Flexibility at Strategic Level in Large- and Medium-Scale Indian Manufacturing Organizations | Singh, D; Oberoi, JS; Ahuja, IS | (2015) | Qualitative + Quantitative | To investigate the different methods to achieve flexibility at strategic level are identified |
| Built to Last or Meant to End: Intertemporal Choice in Strategic Alliance Portfolios | Bakker, RM; Knoben, J | (2015) | Quantitative | To explore the conditions that influence temporal interfirm relationships (strategic alliance choices) |
| How does strategic flexibility pay off in terms of financial performance? | Ouakouak, ML; Ammar, O | (2015) | Quantitative | This study aims to investigate the specific effect (outcome) of flexibility of strategic planning on firm performance, while also exploring the roles of environmental dynamism and firm size as moderators |
| Opening the Black Box of Upper Echelons in China: TMT Attributes and Strategic Flexibility | Wang, T; Libaers, D; Jiao, H | (2015) | Quantitative | This study examines the relationships between top management teams' sociopsychological attributes (shared vision, social integration, and political ties) and strategic flexibility, which is decomposed into organizational flexibility and technological flexibility. The study further investigates how the level of competitive intensity can moderate the relationships |
| Strategic flexibility, green management, and firm competitiveness in an emerging economy | Yang, JJ; Zhang, F; Jiang, X; Sun, W | (2015) | Quantitative | The focus of this research is to investigate how firms in emerging economies respond to green management (GM) practices and measure what they gain by adopting GM practices. Also, to study the role of SF on GMP adoption and the mediating role of institutional support on the impact of SF on GMP adoption |
| A Systems Approach to Identify Skill Needs for Agrifood Nanotechnology: A Multiphase Mixed Methods Study | Yawson, RM; Greiman, BC | (2016) | Qualitative + Quantitative | How to prepare the workforce, and human resource development (HRD) |
| Entrepreneurial decision-making, external social networks and strategic flexibility: The role of CEOs' cognition | Fernandez-Perez, V; Garcia-Morales, VJ; Pulles, DC | (2016) | Quantitative | This study examines how CEOs' external social networks impact cognitive factors (strategic schemas and self-efficacy in opportunity recognition (SOR)) to affect SF and organizational performance |
| Green Practices and Organizational Design as Sources of Strategic Flexibility and Performance | Perez-Valls, M; Cespedes-Lorente, J; Moreno-Garcia, J | (2016) | Quantitative | This research uses the concept of SF (Sanchez, 1995) to study how critical internal organizational design variables are connected to environmental responsiveness, described as the degree of implementation of advanced environmental practices, and how these practices influence economic performance |
| Innovation success in the context of inbound open innovation | Nitzsche, P; Wirtz, BW; Gottel, V | (2016) | Quantitative | Based on the dynamic capabilities view, we hypothesize that a firm’s openness, its absorptive capacity and its flexibility primarily determine innovation success in in-bound open innovation environments |
| Modularizing business models: between strategic flexibility and path dependence | Gaertner, C; Schon, O | (2016) | Conceptual paper | To explain whether modularization of BMs can either lead to path dependence or SF, thus either inhibiting or favoring BMI |
| Revamping research on unrelated diversification strategy: perspectives, opportunities and challenges for future inquiry | Picone, PM; Dagnino, GB | 2016 | Literature Review | This research presents a conceptual map that offers a comprehensive appreciation of unrelated diversification strategy antecedents, implementation process, and consequences |
| The role of organizational capabilities in achieving superior sustainability performance | Gelhard, C; von Delft, S | (2016) | Quantitative | This research discloses a compilation of organizational capabilities (strategic flexibility, value chain flexibility and customer integration) that supports firms in achieving superior sustainability performance |
| Utilizing customer knowledge in innovation: antecedents and impact of customer involvement on new product performance | Cui, AS; Wu, F | (2016) | Quantitative | This study examines the antecedents and impacts of three forms of customer involvement on innovation: customer involvement as a co-developer (CIC), customer involvement as an information source (CIS), and customer involvement as innovators (CIN) |
| Bottom-up learning, strategic flexibility and strategic change | Yi, YQ; Gu, M; Wei, ZL | (2017) | Quantitative | To investigate how bottom-up learning affects the speed and magnitude of strategic change and if these relationships are contingent on SF |
| Evolution of modularity literature: a 25-year bibliometric analysis | Frandsen, T | 2017 | Literature Review | The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze the modularity literature to identify the established and emerging perspectives |
| How Do Resource Structuring and Strategic Flexibility Interact to Shape Radical Innovation? | Li, Y; Li, PP; Wang, HF; Ma, YC | (2017) | Quantitative | This study explores how two different types of SF (i.e. resource flexibility and coordination flexibility) as special capabilities interact with two different types of resource structuring (i.e. resource acquisition and resource accumulation) as special mechanisms to shape radical innovation under high uncertainty |
| Improving strategic flexibility with information technologies: insights for firm performance in an emerging economy | Chen, Y; Wang, Y; Nevo, S; Benitez, J; Kou, G | (2017) | Quantitative | This paper theorizes that firms that use IT to support core competencies will experience improved SF, which may enhance their performance. It further theorizes that these effects are contingent on the form and nature of the firm’s IT infrastructure, as well as its type of ownership – state-owned or private |
| Knowledge process capabilities and innovation: testing the moderating effects of environmental dynamism and strategic flexibility | Kamasak, R; Yozgat, U; Yavuz, M | (2017) | Quantitative | This study seeks to examine the roles of two contextual variables; environmental dynamism and SF on developing knowledge process capabilities and innovation performance |
| Reducing Risk Through Strategic Flexibility and Implementation Leadership in High-Velocity Markets | Kamasak, R; Yavuz, M; Ozturk, TY | (2017) | N/A | This chapter explains the effects of SF and implementation leadership on reducing risk in high volatile markets |
| Strategic flexibility analysis of agrifood nanotechnology skill needs identification | Yawson, RM; Greiman, BC | (2017) | Qualitative + Quantitative | This paper describes the use of SF analysis and the qualitative systems approaches as tools for systems research and it implications for human resources development and management |
| Strategic flexibility, innovative HR practices, and firm performance A moderated mediation model | Xiu, L; Liang, X; Chen, Z; Xu, W | (2017) | Quantitative | To examine the role of innovative human resources practices as an important mechanism through which SF affects firm performance as well as the role of female leadership in this relationship |
| Strategic patterns and firm performance: comparing consistent, flexible and reactor strategies | Anwar, J; Hasnu, SAF | (2017) | Quantitative | To investigate the strategy-performance relationship, considering the paradox of either adapting to change or remaining stable in order to control uncertainty to maintain competitive positions |
| The effects of strategic and manufacturing flexibilities and supply chain agility on firm performance in the fashion industry | Chan, ATL; Ngai, EWT; Moon, KKL | (2017) | Quantitative | This research examines how intensively SF and manufacturing flexibility affect SC agility and firm performance. It also examines how SC agility mediates the relationship between SF and manufacturing flexibility and firm performance |
| What makes a manufacturing firm effective for service innovation? The role of intangible capital under strategic and environmental conditions | Cheng, CCJ; Krumwiede, D | (2017) | Qualitative + Quantitative | This article investigates (1) what types of intangible capital are necessary for a manufacturing firm to develop new services, (2) whether a focus on an intangible capital will have the greatest effect on new service success, and (3) whether the effectiveness of a specific intangible capital varies from the combined conditions of strategic flexibility and environmental uncertainty |
| CEOs' cultural and demographic attributes and organizational performance of Indian SMEs: an upper echelon approach | Friedmann, CB; Garg, R; Holtbrugge, D | (2018) | Quantitative | This study examines the impact of organizational scanning and SF capabilities of CEOs on organizational performance in Indian SMEs |
| Demand variation, strategic flexibility and market entry: Evidence from the US airline industry | Claussen, J; Essling, C; Peukert, C | (2018) | Quantitative | This research studies if, and under which circumstances, firms can use SF to enter markets with variable demand |
| How information technology influences opportunity exploration and exploitation firm's capabilities | Benitez, J; Llorens, J; Braojos, J | (2018) | Quantitative | To test the theory that information technology (IT) performs a key role in firms' opportunity exploration and exploitation |
| Impact of information technology infrastructure flexibility on mergers and acquisitions | Benitez, J; Ray, G; Henseler, J | (2018) | Quantitative | This research examines how information technology (IT) infrastructure flexibility affects M&As |
| Organizational resources, KM process capability and strategic flexibility: a dynamic resource-capability perspective | Bamel, UK; Bamel, N | (2018) | Quantitative | The objective of this study is to advance understanding of the relationships among organizational resources, knowledge management process capability and SF |
| Outside-in marketing capability and firm performance | Mu, JF; Bao, YC; Sekhon, T; Qi, JY; Love, E | (2018) | Quantitative | How and when do firms, by virtue of their outside-in marketing capability, manage to achieve superior performance? |
| Strategic entrepreneurship and competitive advantage of established firms: evidence from the digital TV industry | Paek, B; Lee, H | (2018) | Literature review + Qualitative | This study proposes a conceptual framework to investigate dimensions of strategic entrepreneurship and its function in sustainable competitive advantage of established firms in a modern volatile environment, through the lens of the dynamic capability view |
| Strategic Flexibility in New High-Technology Ventures | Dai, Y; Goodale, JC; Byun, G; Ding, FS | (2018) | Quantitative | To explore the effect of two sources of external knowledge: new product development (NPD) alliances, representing tightly coupled sources, and loosely coupled sources such as industry associations |
| Strategic Flexibility: A Review of the Literature | Brozovic, D | (2018) | Literature review | This paper aims to systematically analyse the literature on SF by identifying its main characteristics, linking the different aspects together in a new conceptual framework, and considering the means to measure it |
| Strategic performance management system in uncertain business environment: An empirical study of the Indian oil industry | Akhtar, M; Sushil | (2018) | Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to present the strategic performance management system (SPMS) designed, incorporating flexibility and implementation issues, and its effectiveness empirically validated from Indian oil industry |
| The effect of strategic flexibility configurations on product innovation | Beraha, A; Bingol, D; Ozkan-Canbolat, E; Szczygiel, N | (2018) | Qualitative | The purpose of this paper is to determine the contribution of company functional areas – production, marketing, and human resources – to SF configurations |
| The integrated impact of new product and market flexibilities on operational performance The case of the Jordanian manufacturing sector | Alamro, AS; Awwad, AS; Anouze, ALM | (2018) | Quantitative | This research examines the role that SF plays in organizational performance. Hence, it seeks to provide a more complete explanation of why SF might be an important contributor to success |
| The role of human resource-related quality management practices in new product development A dynamic capability perspective | Gutierrez-Gutierrez, LJ; Barrales-Molina, V; Kaynak, H | (2018) | Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to adopt the dynamic capability (DC) view as a theoretical framework to empirically investigate the relationships among human resource (HR)-related quality management (QM) practices: new product development (NPD) as a specific DC, learning orientation, knowledge integration, and SF |
| The role of market orientation, relational capital, and internationalization speed in foreign market exit and re-entry decisions under turbulent conditions | Yayla, S; Yeniyurt, S; Uslay, C; Cavusgil, E | (2018) | Quantitative | This study utilizes the SF perspective to investigate the impact of market orientation, relational capital, and internationalization speed on market exit and re-entry decisions under turbulence in a host market |
| A typology of backsourcing: short-run total costs and internal capabilities for re-internalization | Thakur-Wernz, P | (2019) | Qualitative | The purpose of this study is to examine backsourcing, which refers to the full or partial re-internalization of a firm’s previously outsourced activity |
| Effects of business model innovation on corporate sustainability: intervening role of organizational learning and strategic flexibility | Vihari, NS | (2019) | Quantitative | The operational responsiveness of the relationship between business model innovation and sustainability practices is tested using organizational learning, SF as sequential mediating variables and environmental dynamism as a moderating variable |
| From fragile to agile: marketing as a key driver of entrepreneurial internationalization | Hagen, B; Zucchella, A; Ghauri, PN | (2019) | Qualitative | The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize strategic agility in entrepreneurial internationalization and highlight the role of marketing “under particular conditions”– those of early and fast internationalizers |
| Implications of strategic flexibility in small firms: the moderating role of absorptive capacity | Chaudhary, S | (2019) | Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to examine the crucial role played by entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacity in the relationship between SF and firm performance, with a specific focus on small firms |
| Individual unlearning, organizational unlearning and strategic flexibility The down-up change perspective | Wang, XY; Qi, Y; Zhao, YX | (2019) | Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between unlearning and SF from the down-up change perspective |
| Internal factors and consequences of business model innovation | Bashir, M; Verma, R | (2019) | Literature Review | The purpose of this paper is to establish a link between business model innovation (BMI), SF, competitive advantage and firm competence |
| Inter-partner dynamics and joint venture competitiveness: a fuzzy TISM approach | Bamel, N; Dhir, SS | (2019) | Quantitative | The objective of this paper is twofold: to identify and rank inter-partner dynamics-based enablers of joint venture competitiveness and their rankings in terms of their driving power on outcome variables, and to determine the interaction among identified variables and their driving power on outcome variables using total interpretive structural modeling |
| Investigate the role of distributed leadership and strategic flexibility in fostering business model innovation | Liao, SQ; Liu, ZY; Fu, LH; Ye, PC | (2019) | Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to explore how and when distributed leadership enhances the business model innovation (BMI) by involving SF as a mediator and environmental dynamism as important contingency |
| Knowledge, Renewal and Flexibility: Exploratory Research in Family Firms | Perez-Perez, M; Lopez-Fernandez, MC; Obeso, M | (2019) | Quantitative | This study aims to explore how family firms pursue strategies that promote SF and knowledge-management (KM) practices to respond to strategic-renewal goals |
| Sales intra-functional flexibility: Its relationship to performance and moderating effects on role stressors | Micevski, M; Dewsnap, B; Cadogan, JW; Kadic-Maglajlic, S; Boso, N | (2019) | Quantitative | Building on SF literature and social exchange theory, this study aims to identify sales department intra-functional flexibility (SIF) as an important driver of sales organization success |
| Sources of strategic flexibility in new ventures: An analysis of the role of resource leveraging practices | Brinckmann, J; Villanueva, J; Grichnik, D; Singh, L | (2019) | Quantitative | To depict how specific resource management practices can augment the SF of a new firm in addition to the SF |
| Strategic Flexibility in Turbulent Times: Impact of CEO's Willingness and Permission to Change | Hess, J; Flatten, T | 2019 | Quantitative | To study if the SF of the company depends on the willingness and permission to change of the chief executive officer (CEO) |
| Strategic flexibility, manufacturing flexibility, and firm performance under the presence of an agile supply chain: a case of strategic management in fashion industry | Uman, R; Sommanawat, K | (2019) | Quantitative | To investigate the relationship between SF, manufacturing flexibility, supply chain flexibility and firm performance |
| The intensity of inter-organizational relationships and the strategic flexibility of nodal organizations | Lichtarski, JM; Piorkowska, K; Cwik, K | (2019) | Qualitative + Quantitative | The aim of the paper is to present the results of empirical studies (quantitative and qualitative ones) on the intensity of organizational relationships (network embededness) and the flexibility of organizational strategy (SF) in firms' operating in networks |
| The interplay of corporate social responsibility and corporate political activity in emerging markets: The role of strategic flexibility in non-market strategies | Kamasak, R ; James, SR ; Yavuz, M | (2019) | Quantitative | This paper empirically investigates the political dimension and the interactive dimension which describes interactions between corporate social responsibility and corporate political activities together with SF and their effects on firm performance |
| Achieving strategic flexibility in the era of big data The importance of knowledge management and ambidexterity | Rialti, R; Marzi, G; Caputo, A; Mayah, KA | (2020) | Quantitative | This research unpacks the micromechanisms that exist between an organization’s ability to conduct big data analytics (BDA) and its achievement of SF |
| Applying big data to guide firms' future industrial marketing strategies | Gnizy, I | (2020) | Qualitative + Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to examine if big data's predictive power helps business to business (B2B) firms selecting their intended generic (differentiation, focus, and cost leadership) strategies |
| Attaining organizational agility through competitive intelligence: the roles of strategic flexibility and organizational innovation | Atkinson, P; Hizaji, M; Nazarian, A; Abasi, A | (2022) | Quantitative | This paper examines the impact of competitive intelligence on organizational agility through SF and organizational innovation |
| Building dynamic capabilities to cope with environmental uncertainty: The role of strategic foresight | Haarhaus, T; Liening, A | (2020) | Qualitative + Quantitative | This paper investigates the impact of strategic foresight on two distinct types of dynamic capabilities, namely SF and decision rationality, and how the influence of strategic foresight is moderated by the degree of environmental uncertainty |
| Commercialization of technology through technology entrepreneurship: the role of strategic flexibility and strategic alliance | Chebo, AK; Wubatie, YF | (2021) | Quantitative | This study unlocks the contributions of strategic alliance and SF as mediators, which will be a catalyst for future research in the subject matter of commercializing technology |
| Control changes in multinational corporations: Adjusting control approaches in practice | Stendahl, E; Schriber, S; Tippmann, E | 2020 | Qualitative | This paper focuses on control changes in multinational corporations (MNCs), especially the adjusting of control to respond to changing corporate and subsidiary strategies |
| Cooperative goals and dynamic capability: the mediating role of strategic flexibility and the moderating role of human resource flexibility | Yang, LB; Gan, CJ | (2021) | Quantitative | This study aims to examine how dynamic capability can be shaped based on cooperative goal interdependence with supply chain partners by focusing on the mediating role of SF and the moderating role of human resource flexibility |
| Corporate Strategy and Subsidiary Performance: The Effect of Product and Geographic Diversification | Jiao, J ; Liu, Y ; Wu, R ; Xia, J | (2020) | Quantitative | This study argues that foreign subsidiaries may benefit from the corporate strategies of multinational firms in different ways in terms of knowledge transfer and SF |
| Customer Satisfaction and Its Impact on the Future Costs of Selling | Lim, LG; Tuli, KR; Grewal, R | (2020) | Quantitative | This study presents the first empirical and theoretical examination of the impact of customer satisfaction on future cost of selling |
| Driving sustainability in SMEs' performance: the effect of strategic flexibility | Gorondutse, AH; Arshad, D; Alshuaibi, AS | (2020) | Quantitative | This research aims to investigate the effect of SF by moderating the effects of sustainability strategy on the SMEs' performance in Nigeria from a business strategy perspective |
| Exploring the relationship between scenario planning and strategic flexibility and complexity | Bouhalleb, A; Smida, A | (2020) | Quantitative | This paper explores the direct contributions of scenario planning (SP) and SF and complexity |
| Impermanence Mindset and Market-Focused Dynamic Capability | Tian, VI; Au, AKM; Tse, ACB | (2020) | Quantitative | This article uses the cognitive content theory to develop a theoretical link between an impermanence mindset and a market-focused dynamic capability, the latter being an essential antecedent factor for superior business performance |
| Inflexible Repositioning: Commitment in Competition and Uncertainty | Cong, JJ; Zhou, W | 2020 | Qualitative | The study is on the value of commitment in a business environment that is both competitive and uncertain, in which two firms face stochastic demands and compete in positioning and repositioning. If the future demand tends to disperse or the demand uncertainty is sufficiently large, one firm chooses rigidity (i.e. commits not to change its positions), and the other chooses flexibility (i.e. to reposition freely) |
| Integrated exploratory factor analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis to evaluate balanced ambidexterity fostering innovation in manufacturing SMEs | Ahmadi, M; Osman, MHM; Aghdam, MM | (2020) | Qualitative + Quantitative | The objective of the study is to understand the moderating effect of ambidexterity on the relationship between SF and performance of SMEs |
| Market orientation, strategic flexibility and business model innovation | Yang, D; Wei, ZL; Shi, HB; Zhao, J | (2020) | Quantitative | This study aims to investigate how market orientation (MO) motivates firms to develop business model innovation and how such effects are moderated by SF |
| Mixed effects of business and political ties in planning flexibility: Insights from Turkey | Yeniaras, V; Kaya, I; Dayan, M | (2020) | Quantitative | This study refines the explanatory role of planning flexibility in how business and political ties relate to both financial and non-financial firm performance |
| Organisational unlearning, relearning and strategic flexibility: from the perspective of updating routines and knowledge | Zhao, YX; Wang, XY | (2020) | Quantitative | This study aims to adopt the perspective of updating routines and knowledge to explore how organizational unlearning and relearning jointly facilitate SF |
| Proactive marketing response to population aging: The roles of capabilities and commitment of firms | Matsuno, K; Kohlbacher, F | (2020) | Qualitative + Quantitative | This paper investigates the roles of a firm’s EM processes in the form of three capabilities (i.e. SF, and explorative and exploitative capabilities) and organizational commitment in addressing an external environment with uncertain opportunity–threat implications |
| Re-examining Strategic Flexibility: A Meta-Analysis of its Antecedents, Consequences and Contingencies | Herhausen, D; Morgan, RE; Brozović, D; Volberda, HW | (2021) | Literature Review | The purpose of this paper is to bring more clarity to the domain of SF by empirically resolving several existing tensions in the relevant literature because meta-analysis is an indispensable research tool for integrating and expanding a domain’s knowledge base |
| Strategic flexibility analysis of HRD research and practice post COVID-19 pandemic | Yawson, R | (2020) | Conceptual paper | To determine if firms can enhance their competitiveness in dynamic environments by applying SF to form alternative courses of action or strategic options |
| Strategic flexibility, strategic leadership and business sustainability nexus | Nwachukwu, C; Vu, HM | (2020) | Quantitative | Drawing on the theoretical lens of dynamic capability and contingency theory, a framework of hypotheses is established that focuses on SF, strategic leadership and its implications on business sustainability |
| Temporary organizations in the creation of dynamic capabilities: effects of temporariness on innovative capacity and strategic flexibility | Spanuth, T; Heidenreich, S; Wald, A | (2020) | Quantitative | This study seeks to analyze how the use of temporary forms of organizing can generate two important dynamic capabilities: innovative capacity and SF |
| The effect of performance feedback on firms' unplanned marketing investments | Wang, XC; Lou, TY | (2020) | Quantitative | The present study aims to provide new insight by investigating how performance feedback influences subsequent marketing investment by a firm that cannot be explained by organization routines alone and by uncovering the mechanisms through which performance feedback interacts with a firm’s environmental context to influence its marketing investment |
| The role of entrepreneurship on the foundations of dynamic capabilities | Dias, AL; dos Santos, JMB; Pereira, RTD | (2020) | Quantitative | By considering the existence of two levels of capabilities, the purpose of our research is, through empirical observation, identifying the role of specific dynamic capabilities like entrepreneurial management and SF on operational capabilities, and analyzing their effect on performance |
| Theoretical Framework for a Local, Agile Supply Chain to Create Innovative Product Closer to End-user: Onshore-Offshore Debate | Gyarmathy, A; Peszynski, K; Young, L | (2020) | Qualitative | This study explores how agile supply chain management assists in creating value-added innovative products closer to end-users |
| Unlocking solution provision competence in knowledge-intensive business service firms | Siahtiri, V; Heirati, N; O'Cass, A | (2020) | Quantitative | To investigate how solution-provision competence (SPC), as a firm-level competence, contributes to the delivery of effective solutions, and how and when KIBS firms leverage SPC to transform knowledge gained from various search paths into effective solutions for customers |
| Absorptive capacity, strategic flexibility, and business model innovation: Empirical evidence from Italian SMEs | Miroshnychenko, I; Strobl, A; Matzler, K; De Massis, A | (2021) | Quantitative | Recognizing that business model innovation (BMI) is a constant source of value creation in the digital economy, the study examines the nexus between absorptive capacity and SF, and their effects on BMI |
| Assessment of the relationship between farm size and flexibility: the case of Ukraine | Skydan, O; Nykolyuk, O; Pyvovar, P | (2021) | Quantitative | This research assesses and benchmarks the flexibility level of differently sized agricultural enterprises |
| Digitalization and strategic flexibility – a recipe for business growth | Matalamaki, MJ; Joensuu-Salo, S | (2021) | Qualitative | This paper examines how digitalization can affect three aspects of firm growth |
| Effects of strategic flexibility and organizational slack on the relationship between green operational practices adoption and firm performance | Jiao, JX; Liu, CG; Xu, Y; Hao, ZR | (2021) | Quantitative | This study examines the moderating effects of SF and organizational slack on the relationship between GOPs adoption and firm performance (including environmental and financial performance) |
| Entrepreneurial bricolage and marketing capability: contingent roles of market turbulence and strategic flexibility | Li, XL; Wang, CY | (2021) | Quantitative | This study explores the relationship between bricolage and marketing capability by taking both internal strategic characteristics (i.e. SF) and external environmental conditions (i.e. market turbulence) as boundary conditions |
| Fostering individual creativity in startups: comprehensive performance measurement systems, role clarity and strategic flexibility | Frare, AB; Beuren, IM | (2021) | Quantitative | The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of comprehensive performance measurement systems, role clarity and SF on the individual creativity of founders/managers of startups |
| How can firms locate proactive strategic flexibility in their new product development process?: The effects of market and technological alignment | Kandemir, D; Acur, N | (2022) | Quantitative | This study examines proactive decision-making and design flexibilities in new product development as critical forms of SF |
| How Yin-Yang cognition affects organizational ambidexterity: the mediating role of strategic flexibility | Jiang, FF; Wang, DH; Wei, ZL | (2021) | Quantitative | This study examines the underlying mechanisms through which Yin-Yang cognition, an Eastern philosophy of paradoxical cognition, affects firm ambidexterity |
| Influencing mechanism of strategic flexibility on corporate performance: the mediating role of business model innovation | Xiao, HJ; Yang, Z; Hu, YL | (2021) | Quantitative | This paper explores the internal mechanism of corporate SF on corporate performance |
| Interfirm collaboration as a performance-enhancing survival strategy within the business models of ethnic minority-owned urban restaurants affected by COVID-19 | Crick, JM; Crick, D; Chaudhry, S | (2023) | Qualitative | Guided by resource-based theory, this investigation examines the extent to which knowledge sharing as part of interfirm collaboration serves as a performance-enhancing strategy |
| Intrapreneurship in the digital era: driven by big data and human resource management? | Wan, WH; Liu, LJ | (2021) | Quantitative | This study aims to investigate whether big data enabling and empowerment-focused human resource management can effectively promote employee intrapreneurship and their effects on platform enterprises' innovation performance |
| Multiple strategic orientations and strategic flexibility in product innovation | Han, C; Zhang, SM | (2021) | Quantitative | This research investigates how multiple strategic orientations and SF collectively influence firm product innovation |
| Network capability and strategic performance in SMEs: the role of strategic flexibility and organizational ambidexterity | Majid, A; Yasir, M; Yousaf, Z | (2021) | Quantitative | This study examines the association among network capability (NC), strategic flexibility (SF), organizational ambidexterity (OA), and strategic performance (SP) |
| Revisiting the “concentration vs spreading debate”: perceived risk and strategic flexibility in decision-making following an unanticipated environmental market disruption | Crick, JM; Crick, D | (2021) | Qualitative | The objective of this study is to revisit the market concentration versus spreading debate; specifically, to investigate the extent to which owner-managers that concentrate on targeting a specific product/market faced by severe disruption are likely to experience difficulties in comparison to counterparts that diversify operations across a number of product-market strategies |
| Strategic flexibility and performance: effects of potential and realized absorptive capacity | Nowak, R | (2021) | Quantitative | The objective of this paper is to put forward a set of new hypotheses that empirically test the effects of two dimensions of absorptive capacity, potential and realized absorptive capacity, on SF in the context of business performance |
| Tackling organizational innovativeness through strategic orientation: strategic alignment and moderating role of strategic flexibility | Nassani, AA; Aldakhil, AM | (2021) | Quantitative | The purpose of the research is to examine the effect of strategic orientation on organizational innovativeness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Moreover, in order to highlight the constructive role of strategic orientation, the study also observes the intervening role of strategic alignment and moderating role of SF |
| The effects of entrepreneurial bricolage and alternative resources on new venture capabilities: Evidence from China | Yu, XY; Wang, XC | (2021) | Quantitative | This study draws on the resource orchestration perspective and propose that efficient resource management may be more important for new ventures than their existing resources when developing superior firm capabilities that are critical for new venture success |
| The integrative business model as a linkage to venture growth: An insight from the outside box of strategic decisions | Chebo, AK; Wubetie, YF | (2021) | Quantitative | This study links strategic decisions from the perspective of SF, strategic alliance, and competitive advantage and the exercise of firms networking to value creation, proposition, and capturing |
| The three dimensions of strategic flexibility | Hoeft, F | (2021) | Conceptual + Qualitative | The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model identifying key factors determining SF |
| Valuation of brand equity and retailer growth strategies using real options | Trigeorgis, L; Baldi, F; Katsikeas, CS | (2021) | Quantitative | To develop a real options-based framework that takes account of brand expansion and extension options to value brand equity and retailer growth strategies |
| Which export channels provide real options to SMEs? | Ipsmiller, E; Brouthers, KD; Dikova, D | (2021) | Quantitative | To theorize that firm-level SF (i.e. the depth and breadth of export experience) negatively moderates the relationship between uncertainty and real option export channel choice |
| Ambidextrous leadership and organizational innovation: the importance of knowledge search and strategic flexibility | Jia, RQ; Hu, WA; Li, SW | (2022) | Quantitative | The first purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of ambidextrous leadership on organizational innovation on the basis of knowledge search. The second purpose of this study is to examine the contingent role of SF in the relationship between knowledge search and innovation |
| Foundations of strategic flexibility: focus on cognitive diversity and structural empowerment | Nowak, R | (2022) | Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of cognitive diversity and structural empowerment on SF in the context of empirically tests the mediating effect of SF on the relationship among cognitive diversity, structural empowerment and business performance |
| Leveraging resources to achieve high competitive advantage for digital new ventures: an empirical study in China | Zhu, XM; Yu, SB; Yang, S | (2022) | Quantitative | This study examines the impact of the digital technology and entrepreneurial support policy on the competitive advantage of digital new ventures in China, with a particular emphasis on the interaction role between them. It also examines the roles of digital capability as a mediator and SF as a moderator |
| Promoting business model innovation through social media strategic capability: A moderated mediation model | Zhang, F; Zhu, L | (2022) | Quantitative | This study examines the relationship between social media strategic capability (SMSC) and BMI by focusing on the mediating role of SF and the moderating effects of top management team (TMT) heterogeneity and environmental dynamism |
| Strategic Flexibility in Small Firms | Sen, S; Savitskie, K; Mahto, RV; Kumar, S; Khanin, D | (2022) | Quantitative | In this paper, we argue that SMEs need to overcome resource disadvantages, leverage structural advantages, and develop new relational advantages in collaboration with partners to enhance their SF for gaining competitive advantage |
| Strategic flexibility or persistence? Examining the survival path of export enterprises under COVID-19 | Chen, WY; Jin, R; Xie, YCA | (2022) | Quantitative | 1.) This study aims to explore which strategy is suitable for export enterprises to develop sustainably under COVID-19. It applies a survival analysis method to explore the impact of SF on export firms' survival and financial performance. Furthermore, this study uses the difference-in-difference model to test the relationship between SF and firms' profits in the context of the pandemic |
| Temporary business model innovation - SMEs' innovation response to the Covid-19 crisis | Clauss, T; Breier, M; Kraus, S; Durst, S; Mahto, RV | (2022) | Qualitative | This study investigates temporary BMs using a multiple case study approach based on five SMEs who within a short period of time applied their core competencies and networks to integrate new BMs, which were in some cases very different from existing ones. The research analyzes the reactions of SMEs to the Covid-19 crisis |
| The impact of market orientation on small firm performance: a configurational approach | Chaudhary, S; Sangroya, D; Arrigo, E; Cappiello, G | (2022) | Quantitative | This study examines the influence of market orientation on small firms' performance. It also investigates the role of SF as an organizational capability in enhancing the efficacy of the market orientation in the context of a highly competitive environment |
| Title | Authors | Year | Methodology | Focus/aim of research |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Conceptual Framework for Achieving Flexibility at Strategic Level in Large- and Medium-Scale Indian Manufacturing Organizations | Singh, D; Oberoi, JS; Ahuja, IS | ( | Qualitative + Quantitative | To investigate the different methods to achieve flexibility at strategic level are identified |
| Built to Last or Meant to End: Intertemporal Choice in Strategic Alliance Portfolios | Bakker, RM; Knoben, J | ( | Quantitative | To explore the conditions that influence temporal interfirm relationships (strategic alliance choices) |
| How does strategic flexibility pay off in terms of financial performance? | Ouakouak, ML; Ammar, O | ( | Quantitative | This study aims to investigate the specific effect (outcome) of flexibility of strategic planning on firm performance, while also exploring the roles of environmental dynamism and firm size as moderators |
| Opening the Black Box of Upper Echelons in China: TMT Attributes and Strategic Flexibility | Wang, T; Libaers, D; Jiao, H | ( | Quantitative | This study examines the relationships between top management teams' sociopsychological attributes (shared vision, social integration, and political ties) and strategic flexibility, which is decomposed into organizational flexibility and technological flexibility. The study further investigates how the level of competitive intensity can moderate the relationships |
| Strategic flexibility, green management, and firm competitiveness in an emerging economy | Yang, JJ; Zhang, F; Jiang, X; Sun, W | ( | Quantitative | The focus of this research is to investigate how firms in emerging economies respond to green management (GM) practices and measure what they gain by adopting GM practices. Also, to study the role of SF on GMP adoption and the mediating role of institutional support on the impact of SF on GMP adoption |
| A Systems Approach to Identify Skill Needs for Agrifood Nanotechnology: A Multiphase Mixed Methods Study | Yawson, RM; Greiman, BC | ( | Qualitative + Quantitative | How to prepare the workforce, and human resource development (HRD) |
| Entrepreneurial decision-making, external social networks and strategic flexibility: The role of CEOs' cognition | Fernandez-Perez, V; Garcia-Morales, VJ; Pulles, DC | ( | Quantitative | This study examines how CEOs' external social networks impact cognitive factors (strategic schemas and self-efficacy in opportunity recognition (SOR)) to affect SF and organizational performance |
| Green Practices and Organizational Design as Sources of Strategic Flexibility and Performance | Perez-Valls, M; Cespedes-Lorente, J; Moreno-Garcia, J | ( | Quantitative | This research uses the concept of SF ( |
| Innovation success in the context of inbound open innovation | Nitzsche, P; Wirtz, BW; Gottel, V | ( | Quantitative | Based on the dynamic capabilities view, we hypothesize that a firm’s openness, its absorptive capacity and its flexibility primarily determine innovation success in in-bound open innovation environments |
| Modularizing business models: between strategic flexibility and path dependence | Gaertner, C; Schon, O | (2016) | Conceptual paper | To explain whether modularization of BMs can either lead to path dependence or SF, thus either inhibiting or favoring BMI |
| Revamping research on unrelated diversification strategy: perspectives, opportunities and challenges for future inquiry | Picone, PM; Dagnino, GB | 2016 | Literature Review | This research presents a conceptual map that offers a comprehensive appreciation of unrelated diversification strategy antecedents, implementation process, and consequences |
| The role of organizational capabilities in achieving superior sustainability performance | Gelhard, C; von Delft, S | ( | Quantitative | This research discloses a compilation of organizational capabilities (strategic flexibility, value chain flexibility and customer integration) that supports firms in achieving superior sustainability performance |
| Utilizing customer knowledge in innovation: antecedents and impact of customer involvement on new product performance | Cui, AS; Wu, F | ( | Quantitative | This study examines the antecedents and impacts of three forms of customer involvement on innovation: customer involvement as a co-developer (CIC), customer involvement as an information source (CIS), and customer involvement as innovators (CIN) |
| Bottom-up learning, strategic flexibility and strategic change | Yi, YQ; Gu, M; Wei, ZL | ( | Quantitative | To investigate how bottom-up learning affects the speed and magnitude of strategic change and if these relationships are contingent on SF |
| Evolution of modularity literature: a 25-year bibliometric analysis | Frandsen, T | 2017 | Literature Review | The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze the modularity literature to identify the established and emerging perspectives |
| How Do Resource Structuring and Strategic Flexibility Interact to Shape Radical Innovation? | Li, Y; Li, PP; Wang, HF; Ma, YC | ( | Quantitative | This study explores how two different types of SF (i.e. resource flexibility and coordination flexibility) as special capabilities interact with two different types of resource structuring (i.e. resource acquisition and resource accumulation) as special mechanisms to shape radical innovation under high uncertainty |
| Improving strategic flexibility with information technologies: insights for firm performance in an emerging economy | Chen, Y; Wang, Y; Nevo, S; Benitez, J; Kou, G | ( | Quantitative | This paper theorizes that firms that use IT to support core competencies will experience improved SF, which may enhance their performance. It further theorizes that these effects are contingent on the form and nature of the firm’s IT infrastructure, as well as its type of ownership – state-owned or private |
| Knowledge process capabilities and innovation: testing the moderating effects of environmental dynamism and strategic flexibility | Kamasak, R; Yozgat, U; Yavuz, M | ( | Quantitative | This study seeks to examine the roles of two contextual variables; environmental dynamism and SF on developing knowledge process capabilities and innovation performance |
| Reducing Risk Through Strategic Flexibility and Implementation Leadership in High-Velocity Markets | Kamasak, R; Yavuz, M; Ozturk, TY | ( | N/A | This chapter explains the effects of SF and implementation leadership on reducing risk in high volatile markets |
| Strategic flexibility analysis of agrifood nanotechnology skill needs identification | Yawson, RM; Greiman, BC | ( | Qualitative + Quantitative | This paper describes the use of SF analysis and the qualitative systems approaches as tools for systems research and it implications for human resources development and management |
| Strategic flexibility, innovative HR practices, and firm performance A moderated mediation model | Xiu, L; Liang, X; Chen, Z; Xu, W | ( | Quantitative | To examine the role of innovative human resources practices as an important mechanism through which SF affects firm performance as well as the role of female leadership in this relationship |
| Strategic patterns and firm performance: comparing consistent, flexible and reactor strategies | Anwar, J; Hasnu, SAF | ( | Quantitative | To investigate the strategy-performance relationship, considering the paradox of either adapting to change or remaining stable in order to control uncertainty to maintain competitive positions |
| The effects of strategic and manufacturing flexibilities and supply chain agility on firm performance in the fashion industry | Chan, ATL; Ngai, EWT; Moon, KKL | ( | Quantitative | This research examines how intensively SF and manufacturing flexibility affect SC agility and firm performance. It also examines how SC agility mediates the relationship between SF and manufacturing flexibility and firm performance |
| What makes a manufacturing firm effective for service innovation? The role of intangible capital under strategic and environmental conditions | Cheng, CCJ; Krumwiede, D | ( | Qualitative + Quantitative | This article investigates (1) what types of intangible capital are necessary for a manufacturing firm to develop new services, (2) whether a focus on an intangible capital will have the greatest effect on new service success, and (3) whether the effectiveness of a specific intangible capital varies from the combined conditions of strategic flexibility and environmental uncertainty |
| CEOs' cultural and demographic attributes and organizational performance of Indian SMEs: an upper echelon approach | Friedmann, CB; Garg, R; Holtbrugge, D | ( | Quantitative | This study examines the impact of organizational scanning and SF capabilities of CEOs on organizational performance in Indian SMEs |
| Demand variation, strategic flexibility and market entry: Evidence from the US airline industry | Claussen, J; Essling, C; Peukert, C | (2018) | Quantitative | This research studies if, and under which circumstances, firms can use SF to enter markets with variable demand |
| How information technology influences opportunity exploration and exploitation firm's capabilities | Benitez, J; Llorens, J; Braojos, J | ( | Quantitative | To test the theory that information technology (IT) performs a key role in firms' opportunity exploration and exploitation |
| Impact of information technology infrastructure flexibility on mergers and acquisitions | Benitez, J; Ray, G; Henseler, J | ( | Quantitative | This research examines how information technology (IT) infrastructure flexibility affects M&As |
| Organizational resources, KM process capability and strategic flexibility: a dynamic resource-capability perspective | Bamel, UK; Bamel, N | ( | Quantitative | The objective of this study is to advance understanding of the relationships among organizational resources, knowledge management process capability and SF |
| Outside-in marketing capability and firm performance | Mu, JF; Bao, YC; Sekhon, T; Qi, JY; Love, E | ( | Quantitative | How and when do firms, by virtue of their outside-in marketing capability, manage to achieve superior performance? |
| Strategic entrepreneurship and competitive advantage of established firms: evidence from the digital TV industry | Paek, B; Lee, H | ( | Literature review + Qualitative | This study proposes a conceptual framework to investigate dimensions of strategic entrepreneurship and its function in sustainable competitive advantage of established firms in a modern volatile environment, through the lens of the dynamic capability view |
| Strategic Flexibility in New High-Technology Ventures | Dai, Y; Goodale, JC; Byun, G; Ding, FS | ( | Quantitative | To explore the effect of two sources of external knowledge: new product development (NPD) alliances, representing tightly coupled sources, and loosely coupled sources such as industry associations |
| Strategic Flexibility: A Review of the Literature | Brozovic, D | ( | Literature review | This paper aims to systematically analyse the literature on SF by identifying its main characteristics, linking the different aspects together in a new conceptual framework, and considering the means to measure it |
| Strategic performance management system in uncertain business environment: An empirical study of the Indian oil industry | Akhtar, M; Sushil | ( | Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to present the strategic performance management system (SPMS) designed, incorporating flexibility and implementation issues, and its effectiveness empirically validated from Indian oil industry |
| The effect of strategic flexibility configurations on product innovation | Beraha, A; Bingol, D; Ozkan-Canbolat, E; Szczygiel, N | ( | Qualitative | The purpose of this paper is to determine the contribution of company functional areas – production, marketing, and human resources – to SF configurations |
| The integrated impact of new product and market flexibilities on operational performance The case of the Jordanian manufacturing sector | Alamro, AS; Awwad, AS; Anouze, ALM | ( | Quantitative | This research examines the role that SF plays in organizational performance. Hence, it seeks to provide a more complete explanation of why SF might be an important contributor to success |
| The role of human resource-related quality management practices in new product development A dynamic capability perspective | Gutierrez-Gutierrez, LJ; Barrales-Molina, V; Kaynak, H | ( | Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to adopt the dynamic capability (DC) view as a theoretical framework to empirically investigate the relationships among human resource (HR)-related quality management (QM) practices: new product development (NPD) as a specific DC, learning orientation, knowledge integration, and SF |
| The role of market orientation, relational capital, and internationalization speed in foreign market exit and re-entry decisions under turbulent conditions | Yayla, S; Yeniyurt, S; Uslay, C; Cavusgil, E | ( | Quantitative | This study utilizes the SF perspective to investigate the impact of market orientation, relational capital, and internationalization speed on market exit and re-entry decisions under turbulence in a host market |
| A typology of backsourcing: short-run total costs and internal capabilities for re-internalization | Thakur-Wernz, P | ( | Qualitative | The purpose of this study is to examine backsourcing, which refers to the full or partial re-internalization of a firm’s previously outsourced activity |
| Effects of business model innovation on corporate sustainability: intervening role of organizational learning and strategic flexibility | Vihari, NS | ( | Quantitative | The operational responsiveness of the relationship between business model innovation and sustainability practices is tested using organizational learning, SF as sequential mediating variables and environmental dynamism as a moderating variable |
| From fragile to agile: marketing as a key driver of entrepreneurial internationalization | Hagen, B; Zucchella, A; Ghauri, PN | ( | Qualitative | The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize strategic agility in entrepreneurial internationalization and highlight the role of marketing “under particular conditions”– those of early and fast internationalizers |
| Implications of strategic flexibility in small firms: the moderating role of absorptive capacity | Chaudhary, S | ( | Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to examine the crucial role played by entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacity in the relationship between SF and firm performance, with a specific focus on small firms |
| Individual unlearning, organizational unlearning and strategic flexibility The down-up change perspective | Wang, XY; Qi, Y; Zhao, YX | ( | Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between unlearning and SF from the down-up change perspective |
| Internal factors and consequences of business model innovation | Bashir, M; Verma, R | ( | Literature Review | The purpose of this paper is to establish a link between business model innovation (BMI), SF, competitive advantage and firm competence |
| Inter-partner dynamics and joint venture competitiveness: a fuzzy TISM approach | Bamel, N; Dhir, SS | ( | Quantitative | The objective of this paper is twofold: to identify and rank inter-partner dynamics-based enablers of joint venture competitiveness and their rankings in terms of their driving power on outcome variables, and to determine the interaction among identified variables and their driving power on outcome variables using total interpretive structural modeling |
| Investigate the role of distributed leadership and strategic flexibility in fostering business model innovation | Liao, SQ; Liu, ZY; Fu, LH; Ye, PC | ( | Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to explore how and when distributed leadership enhances the business model innovation (BMI) by involving SF as a mediator and environmental dynamism as important contingency |
| Knowledge, Renewal and Flexibility: Exploratory Research in Family Firms | Perez-Perez, M; Lopez-Fernandez, MC; Obeso, M | ( | Quantitative | This study aims to explore how family firms pursue strategies that promote SF and knowledge-management (KM) practices to respond to strategic-renewal goals |
| Sales intra-functional flexibility: Its relationship to performance and moderating effects on role stressors | Micevski, M; Dewsnap, B; Cadogan, JW; Kadic-Maglajlic, S; Boso, N | ( | Quantitative | Building on SF literature and social exchange theory, this study aims to identify sales department intra-functional flexibility (SIF) as an important driver of sales organization success |
| Sources of strategic flexibility in new ventures: An analysis of the role of resource leveraging practices | Brinckmann, J; Villanueva, J; Grichnik, D; Singh, L | ( | Quantitative | To depict how specific resource management practices can augment the SF of a new firm in addition to the SF |
| Strategic Flexibility in Turbulent Times: Impact of CEO's Willingness and Permission to Change | Hess, J; Flatten, T | 2019 | Quantitative | To study if the SF of the company depends on the willingness and permission to change of the chief executive officer (CEO) |
| Strategic flexibility, manufacturing flexibility, and firm performance under the presence of an agile supply chain: a case of strategic management in fashion industry | Uman, R; Sommanawat, K | ( | Quantitative | To investigate the relationship between SF, manufacturing flexibility, supply chain flexibility and firm performance |
| The intensity of inter-organizational relationships and the strategic flexibility of nodal organizations | Lichtarski, JM; Piorkowska, K; Cwik, K | ( | Qualitative + Quantitative | The aim of the paper is to present the results of empirical studies (quantitative and qualitative ones) on the intensity of organizational relationships (network embededness) and the flexibility of organizational strategy (SF) in firms' operating in networks |
| The interplay of corporate social responsibility and corporate political activity in emerging markets: The role of strategic flexibility in non-market strategies | Kamasak, R ; James, SR ; Yavuz, M | ( | Quantitative | This paper empirically investigates the political dimension and the interactive dimension which describes interactions between corporate social responsibility and corporate political activities together with SF and their effects on firm performance |
| Achieving strategic flexibility in the era of big data The importance of knowledge management and ambidexterity | Rialti, R; Marzi, G; Caputo, A; Mayah, KA | ( | Quantitative | This research unpacks the micromechanisms that exist between an organization’s ability to conduct big data analytics (BDA) and its achievement of SF |
| Applying big data to guide firms' future industrial marketing strategies | Gnizy, I | ( | Qualitative + Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to examine if big data's predictive power helps business to business (B2B) firms selecting their intended generic (differentiation, focus, and cost leadership) strategies |
| Attaining organizational agility through competitive intelligence: the roles of strategic flexibility and organizational innovation | Atkinson, P; Hizaji, M; Nazarian, A; Abasi, A | ( | Quantitative | This paper examines the impact of competitive intelligence on organizational agility through SF and organizational innovation |
| Building dynamic capabilities to cope with environmental uncertainty: The role of strategic foresight | Haarhaus, T; Liening, A | ( | Qualitative + Quantitative | This paper investigates the impact of strategic foresight on two distinct types of dynamic capabilities, namely SF and decision rationality, and how the influence of strategic foresight is moderated by the degree of environmental uncertainty |
| Commercialization of technology through technology entrepreneurship: the role of strategic flexibility and strategic alliance | Chebo, AK; Wubatie, YF | ( | Quantitative | This study unlocks the contributions of strategic alliance and SF as mediators, which will be a catalyst for future research in the subject matter of commercializing technology |
| Control changes in multinational corporations: Adjusting control approaches in practice | Stendahl, E; Schriber, S; Tippmann, E | 2020 | Qualitative | This paper focuses on control changes in multinational corporations (MNCs), especially the adjusting of control to respond to changing corporate and subsidiary strategies |
| Cooperative goals and dynamic capability: the mediating role of strategic flexibility and the moderating role of human resource flexibility | Yang, LB; Gan, CJ | ( | Quantitative | This study aims to examine how dynamic capability can be shaped based on cooperative goal interdependence with supply chain partners by focusing on the mediating role of SF and the moderating role of human resource flexibility |
| Corporate Strategy and Subsidiary Performance: The Effect of Product and Geographic Diversification | Jiao, J ; Liu, Y ; Wu, R ; Xia, J | ( | Quantitative | This study argues that foreign subsidiaries may benefit from the corporate strategies of multinational firms in different ways in terms of knowledge transfer and SF |
| Customer Satisfaction and Its Impact on the Future Costs of Selling | Lim, LG; Tuli, KR; Grewal, R | ( | Quantitative | This study presents the first empirical and theoretical examination of the impact of customer satisfaction on future cost of selling |
| Driving sustainability in SMEs' performance: the effect of strategic flexibility | Gorondutse, AH; Arshad, D; Alshuaibi, AS | ( | Quantitative | This research aims to investigate the effect of SF by moderating the effects of sustainability strategy on the SMEs' performance in Nigeria from a business strategy perspective |
| Exploring the relationship between scenario planning and strategic flexibility and complexity | Bouhalleb, A; Smida, A | ( | Quantitative | This paper explores the direct contributions of scenario planning (SP) and SF and complexity |
| Impermanence Mindset and Market-Focused Dynamic Capability | Tian, VI; Au, AKM; Tse, ACB | ( | Quantitative | This article uses the cognitive content theory to develop a theoretical link between an impermanence mindset and a market-focused dynamic capability, the latter being an essential antecedent factor for superior business performance |
| Inflexible Repositioning: Commitment in Competition and Uncertainty | Cong, JJ; Zhou, W | 2020 | Qualitative | The study is on the value of commitment in a business environment that is both competitive and uncertain, in which two firms face stochastic demands and compete in positioning and repositioning. If the future demand tends to disperse or the demand uncertainty is sufficiently large, one firm chooses rigidity (i.e. commits not to change its positions), and the other chooses flexibility (i.e. to reposition freely) |
| Integrated exploratory factor analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis to evaluate balanced ambidexterity fostering innovation in manufacturing SMEs | Ahmadi, M; Osman, MHM; Aghdam, MM | ( | Qualitative + Quantitative | The objective of the study is to understand the moderating effect of ambidexterity on the relationship between SF and performance of SMEs |
| Market orientation, strategic flexibility and business model innovation | Yang, D; Wei, ZL; Shi, HB; Zhao, J | ( | Quantitative | This study aims to investigate how market orientation (MO) motivates firms to develop business model innovation and how such effects are moderated by SF |
| Mixed effects of business and political ties in planning flexibility: Insights from Turkey | Yeniaras, V; Kaya, I; Dayan, M | ( | Quantitative | This study refines the explanatory role of planning flexibility in how business and political ties relate to both financial and non-financial firm performance |
| Organisational unlearning, relearning and strategic flexibility: from the perspective of updating routines and knowledge | Zhao, YX; Wang, XY | ( | Quantitative | This study aims to adopt the perspective of updating routines and knowledge to explore how organizational unlearning and relearning jointly facilitate SF |
| Proactive marketing response to population aging: The roles of capabilities and commitment of firms | Matsuno, K; Kohlbacher, F | ( | Qualitative + Quantitative | This paper investigates the roles of a firm’s EM processes in the form of three capabilities (i.e. SF, and explorative and exploitative capabilities) and organizational commitment in addressing an external environment with uncertain opportunity–threat implications |
| Re-examining Strategic Flexibility: A Meta-Analysis of its Antecedents, Consequences and Contingencies | Herhausen, D; Morgan, RE; Brozović, D; Volberda, HW | ( | Literature Review | The purpose of this paper is to bring more clarity to the domain of SF by empirically resolving several existing tensions in the relevant literature because meta-analysis is an indispensable research tool for integrating and expanding a domain’s knowledge base |
| Strategic flexibility analysis of HRD research and practice post COVID-19 pandemic | Yawson, R | ( | Conceptual paper | To determine if firms can enhance their competitiveness in dynamic environments by applying SF to form alternative courses of action or strategic options |
| Strategic flexibility, strategic leadership and business sustainability nexus | Nwachukwu, C; Vu, HM | ( | Quantitative | Drawing on the theoretical lens of dynamic capability and contingency theory, a framework of hypotheses is established that focuses on SF, strategic leadership and its implications on business sustainability |
| Temporary organizations in the creation of dynamic capabilities: effects of temporariness on innovative capacity and strategic flexibility | Spanuth, T; Heidenreich, S; Wald, A | ( | Quantitative | This study seeks to analyze how the use of temporary forms of organizing can generate two important dynamic capabilities: innovative capacity and SF |
| The effect of performance feedback on firms' unplanned marketing investments | Wang, XC; Lou, TY | ( | Quantitative | The present study aims to provide new insight by investigating how performance feedback influences subsequent marketing investment by a firm that cannot be explained by organization routines alone and by uncovering the mechanisms through which performance feedback interacts with a firm’s environmental context to influence its marketing investment |
| The role of entrepreneurship on the foundations of dynamic capabilities | Dias, AL; dos Santos, JMB; Pereira, RTD | ( | Quantitative | By considering the existence of two levels of capabilities, the purpose of our research is, through empirical observation, identifying the role of specific dynamic capabilities like entrepreneurial management and SF on operational capabilities, and analyzing their effect on performance |
| Theoretical Framework for a Local, Agile Supply Chain to Create Innovative Product Closer to End-user: Onshore-Offshore Debate | Gyarmathy, A; Peszynski, K; Young, L | ( | Qualitative | This study explores how agile supply chain management assists in creating value-added innovative products closer to end-users |
| Unlocking solution provision competence in knowledge-intensive business service firms | Siahtiri, V; Heirati, N; O'Cass, A | ( | Quantitative | To investigate how solution-provision competence (SPC), as a firm-level competence, contributes to the delivery of effective solutions, and how and when KIBS firms leverage SPC to transform knowledge gained from various search paths into effective solutions for customers |
| Absorptive capacity, strategic flexibility, and business model innovation: Empirical evidence from Italian SMEs | Miroshnychenko, I; Strobl, A; Matzler, K; De Massis, A | ( | Quantitative | Recognizing that business model innovation (BMI) is a constant source of value creation in the digital economy, the study examines the nexus between absorptive capacity and SF, and their effects on BMI |
| Assessment of the relationship between farm size and flexibility: the case of Ukraine | Skydan, O; Nykolyuk, O; Pyvovar, P | ( | Quantitative | This research assesses and benchmarks the flexibility level of differently sized agricultural enterprises |
| Digitalization and strategic flexibility – a recipe for business growth | Matalamaki, MJ; Joensuu-Salo, S | ( | Qualitative | This paper examines how digitalization can affect three aspects of firm growth |
| Effects of strategic flexibility and organizational slack on the relationship between green operational practices adoption and firm performance | Jiao, JX; Liu, CG; Xu, Y; Hao, ZR | ( | Quantitative | This study examines the moderating effects of SF and organizational slack on the relationship between GOPs adoption and firm performance (including environmental and financial performance) |
| Entrepreneurial bricolage and marketing capability: contingent roles of market turbulence and strategic flexibility | Li, XL; Wang, CY | ( | Quantitative | This study explores the relationship between bricolage and marketing capability by taking both internal strategic characteristics (i.e. SF) and external environmental conditions (i.e. market turbulence) as boundary conditions |
| Fostering individual creativity in startups: comprehensive performance measurement systems, role clarity and strategic flexibility | Frare, AB; Beuren, IM | ( | Quantitative | The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of comprehensive performance measurement systems, role clarity and SF on the individual creativity of founders/managers of startups |
| How can firms locate proactive strategic flexibility in their new product development process?: The effects of market and technological alignment | Kandemir, D; Acur, N | ( | Quantitative | This study examines proactive decision-making and design flexibilities in new product development as critical forms of SF |
| How Yin-Yang cognition affects organizational ambidexterity: the mediating role of strategic flexibility | Jiang, FF; Wang, DH; Wei, ZL | ( | Quantitative | This study examines the underlying mechanisms through which Yin-Yang cognition, an Eastern philosophy of paradoxical cognition, affects firm ambidexterity |
| Influencing mechanism of strategic flexibility on corporate performance: the mediating role of business model innovation | Xiao, HJ; Yang, Z; Hu, YL | ( | Quantitative | This paper explores the internal mechanism of corporate SF on corporate performance |
| Interfirm collaboration as a performance-enhancing survival strategy within the business models of ethnic minority-owned urban restaurants affected by COVID-19 | Crick, JM; Crick, D; Chaudhry, S | ( | Qualitative | Guided by resource-based theory, this investigation examines the extent to which knowledge sharing as part of interfirm collaboration serves as a performance-enhancing strategy |
| Intrapreneurship in the digital era: driven by big data and human resource management? | Wan, WH; Liu, LJ | ( | Quantitative | This study aims to investigate whether big data enabling and empowerment-focused human resource management can effectively promote employee intrapreneurship and their effects on platform enterprises' innovation performance |
| Multiple strategic orientations and strategic flexibility in product innovation | Han, C; Zhang, SM | ( | Quantitative | This research investigates how multiple strategic orientations and SF collectively influence firm product innovation |
| Network capability and strategic performance in SMEs: the role of strategic flexibility and organizational ambidexterity | Majid, A; Yasir, M; Yousaf, Z | ( | Quantitative | This study examines the association among network capability (NC), strategic flexibility (SF), organizational ambidexterity (OA), and strategic performance (SP) |
| Revisiting the “concentration vs spreading debate”: perceived risk and strategic flexibility in decision-making following an unanticipated environmental market disruption | Crick, JM; Crick, D | ( | Qualitative | The objective of this study is to revisit the market concentration versus spreading debate; specifically, to investigate the extent to which owner-managers that concentrate on targeting a specific product/market faced by severe disruption are likely to experience difficulties in comparison to counterparts that diversify operations across a number of product-market strategies |
| Strategic flexibility and performance: effects of potential and realized absorptive capacity | Nowak, R | ( | Quantitative | The objective of this paper is to put forward a set of new hypotheses that empirically test the effects of two dimensions of absorptive capacity, potential and realized absorptive capacity, on SF in the context of business performance |
| Tackling organizational innovativeness through strategic orientation: strategic alignment and moderating role of strategic flexibility | Nassani, AA; Aldakhil, AM | ( | Quantitative | The purpose of the research is to examine the effect of strategic orientation on organizational innovativeness of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Moreover, in order to highlight the constructive role of strategic orientation, the study also observes the intervening role of strategic alignment and moderating role of SF |
| The effects of entrepreneurial bricolage and alternative resources on new venture capabilities: Evidence from China | Yu, XY; Wang, XC | ( | Quantitative | This study draws on the resource orchestration perspective and propose that efficient resource management may be more important for new ventures than their existing resources when developing superior firm capabilities that are critical for new venture success |
| The integrative business model as a linkage to venture growth: An insight from the outside box of strategic decisions | Chebo, AK; Wubetie, YF | ( | Quantitative | This study links strategic decisions from the perspective of SF, strategic alliance, and competitive advantage and the exercise of firms networking to value creation, proposition, and capturing |
| The three dimensions of strategic flexibility | Hoeft, F | ( | Conceptual + Qualitative | The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model identifying key factors determining SF |
| Valuation of brand equity and retailer growth strategies using real options | Trigeorgis, L; Baldi, F; Katsikeas, CS | ( | Quantitative | To develop a real options-based framework that takes account of brand expansion and extension options to value brand equity and retailer growth strategies |
| Which export channels provide real options to SMEs? | Ipsmiller, E; Brouthers, KD; Dikova, D | ( | Quantitative | To theorize that firm-level SF (i.e. the depth and breadth of export experience) negatively moderates the relationship between uncertainty and real option export channel choice |
| Ambidextrous leadership and organizational innovation: the importance of knowledge search and strategic flexibility | Jia, RQ; Hu, WA; Li, SW | ( | Quantitative | The first purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of ambidextrous leadership on organizational innovation on the basis of knowledge search. The second purpose of this study is to examine the contingent role of SF in the relationship between knowledge search and innovation |
| Foundations of strategic flexibility: focus on cognitive diversity and structural empowerment | Nowak, R | ( | Quantitative | The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of cognitive diversity and structural empowerment on SF in the context of empirically tests the mediating effect of SF on the relationship among cognitive diversity, structural empowerment and business performance |
| Leveraging resources to achieve high competitive advantage for digital new ventures: an empirical study in China | Zhu, XM; Yu, SB; Yang, S | ( | Quantitative | This study examines the impact of the digital technology and entrepreneurial support policy on the competitive advantage of digital new ventures in China, with a particular emphasis on the interaction role between them. It also examines the roles of digital capability as a mediator and SF as a moderator |
| Promoting business model innovation through social media strategic capability: A moderated mediation model | Zhang, F; Zhu, L | ( | Quantitative | This study examines the relationship between social media strategic capability (SMSC) and BMI by focusing on the mediating role of SF and the moderating effects of top management team (TMT) heterogeneity and environmental dynamism |
| Strategic Flexibility in Small Firms | Sen, S; Savitskie, K; Mahto, RV; Kumar, S; Khanin, D | ( | Quantitative | In this paper, we argue that SMEs need to overcome resource disadvantages, leverage structural advantages, and develop new relational advantages in collaboration with partners to enhance their SF for gaining competitive advantage |
| Strategic flexibility or persistence? Examining the survival path of export enterprises under COVID-19 | Chen, WY; Jin, R; Xie, YCA | ( | Quantitative | 1.) This study aims to explore which strategy is suitable for export enterprises to develop sustainably under COVID-19. |
| Temporary business model innovation - SMEs' innovation response to the Covid-19 crisis | Clauss, T; Breier, M; Kraus, S; Durst, S; Mahto, RV | ( | Qualitative | This study investigates temporary BMs using a multiple case study approach based on five SMEs who within a short period of time applied their core competencies and networks to integrate new BMs, which were in some cases very different from existing ones. The research analyzes the reactions of SMEs to the Covid-19 crisis |
| The impact of market orientation on small firm performance: a configurational approach | Chaudhary, S; Sangroya, D; Arrigo, E; Cappiello, G | ( | Quantitative | This study examines the influence of market orientation on small firms' performance. It also investigates the role of SF as an organizational capability in enhancing the efficacy of the market orientation in the context of a highly competitive environment |
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