Contribution to the Projected Increase in Pension Spending (Change in percentage points of GDP, 2019-2070)
| Dependency ratio | Coverage ratio | Benefit ratio | Labor market effect | Interaction effect | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 7.2 | -1.8 | -1.8 | -0.3 | -0.2 | 3.0 |
| EU | 6.4 | -1.5 | -3.7 | -0.8 | -0.3 | 0.1 |
| France | 7.1 | -2.0 | -5.9 | -1.0 | -0.4 | -2.2 |
| Germany | 4.9 | -0.9 | -1.4 | -0.2 | -0.3 | 2.1 |
| Netherlands | 4.3 | -1.2 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -0.1 | 2.3 |
| Dependency ratio | Coverage ratio | Benefit ratio | Labor market effect | Interaction effect | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 7.2 | -1.8 | -1.8 | -0.3 | -0.2 | 3.0 |
| EU | 6.4 | -1.5 | -3.7 | -0.8 | -0.3 | 0.1 |
| France | 7.1 | -2.0 | -5.9 | -1.0 | -0.4 | -2.2 |
| Germany | 4.9 | -0.9 | -1.4 | -0.2 | -0.3 | 2.1 |
| Netherlands | 4.3 | -1.2 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -0.1 | 2.3 |
Source: EC (2021).
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