Table 4

Structural model results for hypothesis testing

RelationshipParameter estimate (β)Standard errorp-valuet-valueHypothesis testing
H1. Big data analytics capabilities → Data-driven culture0.8600.0860.0009.974Supported
H2. Digital capabilities → Data-driven culture0.2510.0830.0033.021Supported
H3. Data-driven culture → Digital transformation0.4990.0390.00012.846Supported

Note(s):p-value is significant at <0.01 while t-value is significant at >2.576 for 99% confidence level Lim (2025) 

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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