Table 3. Paired samples T -test...

Table 3.

Paired samples T-test comparing pre- and post-test scores of bystander behaviour and attitudes

		Pre		Post
Variable	N	M	SD	M	SD	t	p	Cohen’s d
BBS-P
MVD	37	33.70	3.84	34.35	4.82	−0.79	0.44	−0.13
CAD	52	33.13	4.67	33.58	5.14	−0.53	0.60	−0.07
PAD	52	33.49	4.26	33.92	4.71	−0.55	0.59	−0.08
BBS-N
MVD	47	5.51	2.35	5.19	2.00	1.06	0.147	0.156
CAD	52	5.61	2.37	5.34	2.01	0.92	0.181	0.128
PAD	52	5.55	2.92	5.23	1.92	1.10	0.136	0.154
BBAS
MVD	40	11.10	3.54	11.05	3.55	−0.011	0.929	−0.014
CAD	50	11.17	3.51	11.14	3.62	−0.049	0.961	−0.007
PAD	52	11.24	3.39	11.24	3.45	−0.089	0.991	−0.002
PCBS	52	35.17	4.85	35.38	5.96	−0.263	0.793	−0.037

		Pre		Post
Variable	N	M	SD	M	SD	t	p	Cohen’s d
BBS-P
MVD	37	33.70	3.84	34.35	4.82	−0.79	0.44	−0.13
CAD	52	33.13	4.67	33.58	5.14	−0.53	0.60	−0.07
PAD	52	33.49	4.26	33.92	4.71	−0.55	0.59	−0.08
BBS-N
MVD	47	5.51	2.35	5.19	2.00	1.06	0.147	0.156
CAD	52	5.61	2.37	5.34	2.01	0.92	0.181	0.128
PAD	52	5.55	2.92	5.23	1.92	1.10	0.136	0.154
BBAS
MVD	40	11.10	3.54	11.05	3.55	−0.011	0.929	−0.014
CAD	50	11.17	3.51	11.14	3.62	−0.049	0.961	−0.007
PAD	52	11.24	3.39	11.24	3.45	−0.089	0.991	−0.002
PCBS	52	35.17	4.85	35.38	5.96	−0.263	0.793	−0.037

Note(s): CAD = case average data set; MVD = missing value data set; PAD = population average data set; BBS-N = bystander behaviour scale – negative subscale; BBS-P = bystander behaviour scale – positive subscale; BBAS = barriers to bystander intervention scale; PCBS = perceived behavioural control scale

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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