Table 1

Summary of data collection

IntervieweeProfessional backgroundAreas of expertiseCollection time and duration
Primary dataAHead/Senior Manager of the Remanufacturing Center15+ years’ experiences in remanufacturing center operations, cost management and business developmentNov/3/2022 (3h)
Apr/14/2023 (3h)
Oct/13/2023 (3.5 h)
June/28/2024 (3h)
BSenior EngineerSpecializes in research and development of remanufacturing technology and battery testingNov/11/2022 (3.5 h)
Apr/7/2023 (3h)
Oct/28/2023 (3h)
Jul/19/2024 (3.5 h)
CProject ManagerSpecializes in battery remanufacturing-related projectsDec/2/2022 (3h)
May/12/2023 (3h)
Sep/08/2023 (4h)
Apr/26/2024 (3h)
DSenior Operations Management Manager18+ years’ experiences in after-sales operations management and environmentally friendly strategies developmentDec/16/2022 (3h)
June/2/2023 (3.5 h)
Nov/21/2023 (2.5 h)
Jul/26/2024 (4h)
ESenior Engineer in the remanufacturing centerSpecializes in research and development of battery remanufacturing technology and production line managementJan/13/2023 (4h)
June/9/2023 (3h)
Dec/1/2023 (3h)
Jul/5/2024 (4h)
SourceKey informationAvailable atAccess date
Secondary dataLocal newsVolume of end-of-life LiBDialogue Earth https://dialogue.earth/en/pollution/how-can-china-address-its-ev-battery-recycling-challenge/Jul 21, 2024
 Difficulties and challenges for LiB remanufacturing
 Official company website and social media accountsLiB remanufacturing policyMIIT https://jx.ah.gov.cn/group6/M00/0B/98/wKg8Bma9tkSAN2BLAAYaDMXJXnw215.pdfAug 26, 2024
 Inter-organizational cooperation on LiB remanufacturingCNBC https://www.cnbc.com/2024/04/05/chinas-nio-to-expand-battery-swap-services-to-gain-ev-infra-edge-.html
NIKKEI https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Electric-cars-in-China/China-s-CATL-to-recycle-EV-batteries-with-Volvo-Car
Aug 28, 2024
 Business strategies
 Industry reports on end-of-life EVB remanufacturingMarket prospects and challenges of LiB remanufacturingJul 23, 2024
 Business strategies on LiB remanufacturingChina Briefing https://www.china-briefing.com/doing-business-guide/china/sector-insights/china-s-electric-vehicle-supply-chain-and-its-future-prospectsJul 24, 2024
 Industry analysis of the LiB industryJul 17, 2024
 Local laws and regulations on EVB remanufacturingNational policies, legislation and standards on the treatment of toxic and harmful materials and substances
  • 1

    National platform for battery traceability https://evmam-tbrat.com/

  • 2

    Law of the People’s Republic of China on Promoting Circular Economy,

  • 3

    Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste

  • 4

    Standard Conditions for the Comprehensive Utilization of Used power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles (2024)

June 17, 2024–Sep 18, 2024
  Local policies and regulations on LiB remanufacturingJul 30, 2024

Note(s): All five participants are based at Tesla’s Gigafactory in Shanghai, China. The interview questions utilized in this study are detailed in the  supplementary materials. Readers may refer to these questions for a comprehensive understanding of the data collection methodologies employed

Source(s): Case company participants’ insights

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