Table 2 Roles and data responsibilities... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Roles and data responsibilities in the EVB supply chain

Stakeholder	Role description	Information provided
Rare material suppliers	Are tasked with providing the essential raw materials needed by battery manufacturers	They share detailed information about the origin, components, quantity, quality and safety of these materials, which is essential for guiding manufacturing and remanufacturing decisions and for evaluating the environmental impacts associated with the supply chain
Battery manufacturers or original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)	Are responsible for the initial creation of the batteries	They provide critical data on battery design, material composition and production processes, as well as key performance indicators like life expectancy, weight and quality control measures. This information aids engineers at manufacturing and remanufacturing centers in assessing the quality and safety performance of the batteries
EV manufacturers	Integrate these batteries into vehicles on the assembly line	They furnish detailed data on vehicle design, power needs and specifics regarding the integration of the battery, including the installation time and place, along with implemented safety measures to prevent issues like short circuits or thermal runaway. Vehicles are also equipped with terminal detection systems to gather continuous safety-related data, which is crucial for assessing performance and determining maintenance needs
Sellers or distributors	Manage the sale and distribution of EVs and provide after-sales services	They track and share data regarding inventory, transportation conditions and detailed records of vehicle maintenance, modifications and retrofits. This shared information helps engineers evaluate the ongoing performance of batteries and plan the best routes for batteries reaching the end of their life
Regional end-of-life battery collectors	Play a pivotal role by collecting used batteries from consumers, adhering to strict safety and regulatory guidelines during collection and transportation	They document detailed information about the collection logistics, including the time and place of collection, conditions during transport and initial testing and handling practices
Remanufacturers	Focus on repurposing batteries at the end of their life	They are tasked with ensuring that these remanufactured batteries meet quality and safety standards comparable to new batteries. They provide comprehensive data on the condition and performance of these batteries, which is crucial for informing potential users and guiding their usage decisions

Stakeholder	Role description	Information provided
Rare material suppliers	Are tasked with providing the essential raw materials needed by battery manufacturers	They share detailed information about the origin, components, quantity, quality and safety of these materials, which is essential for guiding manufacturing and remanufacturing decisions and for evaluating the environmental impacts associated with the supply chain
Battery manufacturers or original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)	Are responsible for the initial creation of the batteries	They provide critical data on battery design, material composition and production processes, as well as key performance indicators like life expectancy, weight and quality control measures. This information aids engineers at manufacturing and remanufacturing centers in assessing the quality and safety performance of the batteries
EV manufacturers	Integrate these batteries into vehicles on the assembly line	They furnish detailed data on vehicle design, power needs and specifics regarding the integration of the battery, including the installation time and place, along with implemented safety measures to prevent issues like short circuits or thermal runaway. Vehicles are also equipped with terminal detection systems to gather continuous safety-related data, which is crucial for assessing performance and determining maintenance needs
Sellers or distributors	Manage the sale and distribution of EVs and provide after-sales services	They track and share data regarding inventory, transportation conditions and detailed records of vehicle maintenance, modifications and retrofits. This shared information helps engineers evaluate the ongoing performance of batteries and plan the best routes for batteries reaching the end of their life
Regional end-of-life battery collectors	Play a pivotal role by collecting used batteries from consumers, adhering to strict safety and regulatory guidelines during collection and transportation	They document detailed information about the collection logistics, including the time and place of collection, conditions during transport and initial testing and handling practices
Remanufacturers	Focus on repurposing batteries at the end of their life	They are tasked with ensuring that these remanufactured batteries meet quality and safety standards comparable to new batteries. They provide comprehensive data on the condition and performance of these batteries, which is crucial for informing potential users and guiding their usage decisions

Source(s): Authors’ own work