Estimation results: OLS and LASSO
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLS | St. Error | OLS | St. Error | OLS | St. Error | LASSO | |
| Individual characteristics | |||||||
| Location = Mirpur-1 | −0.191*** | (0.055) | −0.009 | (0.065) | |||
| Age | −0.009*** | (0.003) | −0.005 | (0.003) | |||
| Gender = Female | −0.312 | (0.250) | 0.031 | (0.247) | |||
| Marital status = Unmarried | 0.021 | (0.070) | 0.044 | (0.065) | |||
| Marital status = Widowed | 0.130 | (0.170) | 0.056 | (0.156) | |||
| Household size | 0.033* | (0.019) | 0.003 | (0.018) | |||
| Working experience | 0.022*** | (0.004) | 0.011** | (0.004) | 0.001 | ||
| Work type = Full-time | 0.356*** | (0.127) | 0.465*** | (0.123) | 0.170 | ||
| Business = Fruits and vegetable | −0.117 | (0.074) | −0.083 | (0.082) | |||
| Business = Aluminum and plastic products | −0.190** | (0.084) | −0.203** | (0.082) | |||
| Business = Electrical and mobile accessories | −0.118 | (0.099) | −0.175* | (0.102) | |||
| Business = Street food and drinks | −0.070 | (0.075) | −0.024 | (0.079) | |||
| Business = Jewelry, bags and accessories | −0.198*** | (0.066) | −0.270*** | (0.066) | |||
| Business = Others | 0.237 | (0.259) | 0.007 | (0.240) | |||
| Education = = 2 | 0.043 | (0.051) | −0.014 | (0.047) | |||
| Education = = 3 | 0.038 | (0.067) | 0.031 | (0.062) | |||
| Education = = 4 | 0.078 | (0.173) | 0.038 | (0.161) | |||
| Education = = 5 | 0.761** | (0.350) | 0.537 | (0.330) | |||
| Capital source = Spouse savings/funds | 0.121 | (0.234) | 0.119 | (0.216) | |||
| Capital source = Selling own assets | 0.058 | (0.167) | 0.100 | (0.153) | |||
| Capital source = Borrowing from relatives and/or friends | −0.140 | (0.103) | −0.085 | (0.097) | |||
| Capital source = Support from in-laws | −0.290 | (0.194) | −0.431** | (0.179) | |||
| Bank account = Yes | 0.119** | (0.054) | 0.076 | (0.050) | 0.076 | ||
| Access finance = Yes | 0.010 | (0.067) | −0.020 | (0.063) | |||
| Log of initial capital | 0.111*** | (0.032) | 0.091*** | (0.031) | |||
| Infrastructure | |||||||
| Designated vending spot = Yes | 0.260*** | (0.062) | 0.249*** | (0.062) | 0.227 | ||
| Enough Vending Space = Yes | −0.020 | (0.060) | 0.026 | (0.058) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Stand | 0.040 | (0.051) | 0.018 | (0.051) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Floor | −0.017 | (0.054) | −0.109* | (0.058) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Table | 0.077 | (0.052) | −0.026 | (0.055) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Benches/Chairs | 0.181*** | (0.056) | 0.087 | (0.057) | 0.065 | ||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Showcase | 0.015 | (0.073) | 0.024 | (0.073) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Car/Vehicle | −0.130 | (0.208) | −0.355* | (0.196) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Van/Tricycle | 0.049 | (0.063) | −0.065 | (0.067) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Drawer | 0.099* | (0.053) | −0.016 | (0.055) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Nothing | 0.157 | (0.236) | 0.105 | (0.219) | |||
| Canopy = Yes | 0.066 | (0.056) | −0.008 | (0.055) | 0.003 | ||
| Rating of the width of the vending area (Street/Sidewalk) | 0.072*** | (0.026) | 0.063** | (0.026) | 0.040 | ||
| Rating of street/sidewalk surface condition | 0.009 | (0.040) | 0.020 | (0.038) | |||
| Street furniture = Yes | −0.019 | (0.083) | −0.011 | (0.079) | |||
| Rating of the level of vegetation around the vending stand | 0.051 | (0.048) | 0.064 | (0.046) | |||
| Rating of the hygiene conditions at the vending location | 0.019 | (0.035) | 0.024 | (0.033) | |||
| Level of waterlogging during wet seasons | 0.127* | (0.066) | 0.040 | (0.064) | |||
| Condition of street lighting at night | −0.051 | (0.039) | −0.038 | (0.036) | |||
| Level of odors or smoke at the vending location | −0.144*** | (0.033) | −0.105*** | (0.034) | −0.063 | ||
| Level of noise at the vending location | −0.028 | (0.025) | −0.007 | (0.024) | |||
| Heat level at the vending site during the summer | −0.000 | (0.046) | 0.008 | (0.046) | |||
| Constant | 9.423*** | (0.478) | 10.233*** | (0.368) | 8.917*** | (0.591) | 10.135 |
| Observations | 243 | 243 | 243 | 243 | |||
| R2 | 0.499 | 0.505 | 0.645 | ||||
| RMSE | 0.322 | 0.318 | 0.285 | 0.322 | |||
| AIC | 162.949 | 153.938 | 122.793 | ||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLS | St. Error | OLS | St. Error | OLS | St. Error | LASSO | |
| Location = Mirpur-1 | −0.191*** | (0.055) | −0.009 | (0.065) | |||
| Age | −0.009*** | (0.003) | −0.005 | (0.003) | |||
| Gender = Female | −0.312 | (0.250) | 0.031 | (0.247) | |||
| Marital status = Unmarried | 0.021 | (0.070) | 0.044 | (0.065) | |||
| Marital status = Widowed | 0.130 | (0.170) | 0.056 | (0.156) | |||
| Household size | 0.033* | (0.019) | 0.003 | (0.018) | |||
| Working experience | 0.022*** | (0.004) | 0.011** | (0.004) | 0.001 | ||
| Work type = Full-time | 0.356*** | (0.127) | 0.465*** | (0.123) | 0.170 | ||
| Business = Fruits and vegetable | −0.117 | (0.074) | −0.083 | (0.082) | |||
| Business = Aluminum and plastic products | −0.190** | (0.084) | −0.203** | (0.082) | |||
| Business = Electrical and mobile accessories | −0.118 | (0.099) | −0.175* | (0.102) | |||
| Business = Street food and drinks | −0.070 | (0.075) | −0.024 | (0.079) | |||
| Business = Jewelry, bags and accessories | −0.198*** | (0.066) | −0.270*** | (0.066) | |||
| Business = Others | 0.237 | (0.259) | 0.007 | (0.240) | |||
| Education = = 2 | 0.043 | (0.051) | −0.014 | (0.047) | |||
| Education = = 3 | 0.038 | (0.067) | 0.031 | (0.062) | |||
| Education = = 4 | 0.078 | (0.173) | 0.038 | (0.161) | |||
| Education = = 5 | 0.761** | (0.350) | 0.537 | (0.330) | |||
| Capital source = Spouse savings/funds | 0.121 | (0.234) | 0.119 | (0.216) | |||
| Capital source = Selling own assets | 0.058 | (0.167) | 0.100 | (0.153) | |||
| Capital source = Borrowing from relatives and/or friends | −0.140 | (0.103) | −0.085 | (0.097) | |||
| Capital source = Support from in-laws | −0.290 | (0.194) | −0.431** | (0.179) | |||
| Bank account = Yes | 0.119** | (0.054) | 0.076 | (0.050) | 0.076 | ||
| Access finance = Yes | 0.010 | (0.067) | −0.020 | (0.063) | |||
| Log of initial capital | 0.111*** | (0.032) | 0.091*** | (0.031) | |||
| Designated vending spot = Yes | 0.260*** | (0.062) | 0.249*** | (0.062) | 0.227 | ||
| Enough Vending Space = Yes | −0.020 | (0.060) | 0.026 | (0.058) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Stand | 0.040 | (0.051) | 0.018 | (0.051) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Floor | −0.017 | (0.054) | −0.109* | (0.058) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Table | 0.077 | (0.052) | −0.026 | (0.055) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Benches/Chairs | 0.181*** | (0.056) | 0.087 | (0.057) | 0.065 | ||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Showcase | 0.015 | (0.073) | 0.024 | (0.073) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Car/Vehicle | −0.130 | (0.208) | −0.355* | (0.196) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Van/Tricycle | 0.049 | (0.063) | −0.065 | (0.067) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Drawer | 0.099* | (0.053) | −0.016 | (0.055) | |||
| Vending furniture and equipment = Nothing | 0.157 | (0.236) | 0.105 | (0.219) | |||
| Canopy = Yes | 0.066 | (0.056) | −0.008 | (0.055) | 0.003 | ||
| Rating of the width of the vending area (Street/Sidewalk) | 0.072*** | (0.026) | 0.063** | (0.026) | 0.040 | ||
| Rating of street/sidewalk surface condition | 0.009 | (0.040) | 0.020 | (0.038) | |||
| Street furniture = Yes | −0.019 | (0.083) | −0.011 | (0.079) | |||
| Rating of the level of vegetation around the vending stand | 0.051 | (0.048) | 0.064 | (0.046) | |||
| Rating of the hygiene conditions at the vending location | 0.019 | (0.035) | 0.024 | (0.033) | |||
| Level of waterlogging during wet seasons | 0.127* | (0.066) | 0.040 | (0.064) | |||
| Condition of street lighting at night | −0.051 | (0.039) | −0.038 | (0.036) | |||
| Level of odors or smoke at the vending location | −0.144*** | (0.033) | −0.105*** | (0.034) | −0.063 | ||
| Level of noise at the vending location | −0.028 | (0.025) | −0.007 | (0.024) | |||
| Heat level at the vending site during the summer | −0.000 | (0.046) | 0.008 | (0.046) | |||
| Constant | 9.423*** | (0.478) | 10.233*** | (0.368) | 8.917*** | (0.591) | 10.135 |
| Observations | 243 | 243 | 243 | 243 | |||
| 0.499 | 0.505 | 0.645 | |||||
| 0.322 | 0.318 | 0.285 | 0.322 | ||||
| 162.949 | 153.938 | 122.793 | |||||
Source(s): Authors' own work
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