Table 1.

Definition of variables

VariablesDefinitionMeasure
Dependent and independent variables
CE_disclosureThe extent of CE-related disclosure on the municipal websiteThe total number of words used by the municipality to disclose/promote CE-related information on its website, coded using the grid (see  Appendix 2). CE_disclosure is measured by groups of 100 words (the value 1 for CE_disclosure means 100 words)
EducationThe CE-related education level of the municipal councilThe total CE-related level of education of the municipal council, representing the sum of individual levels of each municipal councilor, taking the value 3 if a councilor has a degree in environmental or sustainability areas, 1 for a degree in natural sciences or management, 0 otherwise
ExperienceThe CE-related experience level of the municipal councilThe CE-related experience level of the municipal council is the sum of individual levels. The individual level of a municipal councilor was coded 31 if the councilor’s main experience was related to environmental or sustainability areas, 1 for natural sciences or management, 0 otherwise
Sector membershipThe total public/private memberships of municipal councilorsA dummy variable coded 1 if the CE-related experience level of the council is higher than or equal to the median level of the sample (3), 0 otherwise. The sum of individual sector memberships of municipal councilors was used to compute the dummy variable. The individual sector membership is coded 1 if the councilor works in the public sector, 0 otherwise
Control variables
LanguageThe language of disclosureA dummy variable coded 1 if the disclosed information was in English and 0 otherwise (French disclosure)
DiversityThe gender diversity of the municipal councilThe percentage of women on the municipal council
Council sizeThe size of the municipal councilThe number of municipal councilors
Size of municipalityThe population of the municipalityThe municipality’s population as listed in the 2021 Census
Total_RevenueThe municipality’s total revenueThe municipality’s total revenue (in $ million)

Notes:

We had initially planned to grant two points to councillors with a degree or experience in the environmental field and three points for sustainable development. As it was very difficult to distinguish between these two categories, we awarded three points to each councillor who had a degree or experience in either field.

Statistics Canada, Census of Population, available at www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/index-eng.cfm

Source: Created by authors

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