Table 3. Results of reliability and...

Table 3.

Results of reliability and validity analysis

Variables	Title item	Factor loading	AVE	CR	Cronbach’s α
Market opportunities	1. The market demand is constantly expanding, and there are many potential market opportunities	0.866	0.733	0.943	0.943
	2. Market demand is not fully met, and new market segments continue to emerge	0.838
	3. Consumers are generally willing to try new products and services	0.847
	4. Consumers have low switching costs among different brands and product categories	0.875
	5. Incumbent enterprises invest a lot of resources to cultivate their current core competitiveness	0.862
	6. Most companies in the industry follow past habits and are reluctant to change much	0.850
Technology opportunities	1. Short industry technology life cycle, easy to capture new technology opportunities	0.891	0.766	0.952	0.951
	2. Emerging technologies continue to emerge, making it easy to achieve technological leapfrog development	0.841
	3. The industry is widely related to technology and can obtain more cross-border innovation opportunities	0.879
	4. The technology has a wide application field, from which greater innovation benefits can be obtained	0.886
	5. The technology market is relatively mature, and it is easy for enterprises to obtain the required technology	0.887
	6. High degree of technology modularity, low barriers to product research and development	0.867
Higher-order capabilities	1. Enterprises can timely respond to environmental changes and strategic adjustments	0.855	0.714	0.937	0.937
	2. The enterprise system and organizational structure are flexible, allowing the transcend of the existing power structure	0.849
	3. Enterprises can obtain required resources from suppliers/customers/competitors/partners	0.843
	4. Enterprises can realize shared allocation and utilization of resources within the enterprise	0.803
	5. The enterprise can continuously improve working methods or business processes to improve work efficiency	0.863
	6. Enterprises can use new technologies to effectively improve independent research and development capabilities and continuously introduce new products	0.854
Ordinary capabilities	1. The company has an innovative culture widely recognized by employees	0.891	0.753	0.948	0.948
	2. The company has a sound knowledge-sharing system	0.868
	3. The company implements cross-department staff rotation or creates cross-department project teams	0.885
	4. the company holds meetings across departments or introduces systems to accumulate, exchange or share information among departments	0.862
	5. The company can continuously carry out organizational innovation and process innovation	0.837
	6. The company’s top management team can reasonably delegate power and assign responsibility to capable subordinates	0.863
Strategic cognition	1. The company emphasizes that customers, resources, environment and other factors must be considered at the same time	0.917	0.819	0.965	0.964
	2. The company emphasizes analyzing competition and formulating strategies from the overall perspective	0.910
	3. The company must look at the overall situation and find a balance among the many contradictions	0.922
	4. The company believes that it is more important to capture the details than to analyze the whole	0.899
	5. The company emphasizes that special breakthroughs are more conducive to improving competitiveness than the overall improvement	0.891
	6. Complex management problems can only be solved by gradually decomposing and analyzing the company one by one	0.891
Digital transformation	1. Digital technology provides support for achieving the strategic goals of our enterprise	0.888	0.809	0.974	0.974
	2. Digital technology drives our enterprises to readjust their strategic goals	0.900
	3. Our enterprise actively uses digital technology to create new business opportunities	0.906
	4. Our enterprise uses digital technology to improve existing business activities	0.909
	5. Our business uses digital technology to distribute products	0.887
	6. Our company tries to use digital technology to develop new products based on existing products	0.891
	7. Our company tries to use digital technology to create new products that are less relevant to existing products	0.897
	8. Our enterprise can match the new operation activities after the implementation of digitalization with the existing organizational structure, or set up a new organizational structure to support the new operation activities	0.911
	9. Our enterprise has the organizational ability to execute digital transformation or try to improve organizational ability to meet the development needs of digital transformation	0.906
Entrepreneurship	1. I’m always thinking of new ways to grow my business	0.821	0.702	0.934	0.948
	2. I am able to apply ideas, questions and observations to different contexts	0.862
	3. I'm willing to take high risks for high returns	0.835
	4. I accept uncertainty as an integral part of business	0.866
	5. My career is a core part of my life, and I often give up my rest time for work	0.834
	6. In the face of challenging work, I am always full of passion and eager to try	0.806

Variables	Title item	Factor loading	AVE	CR	Cronbach’s α
Market opportunities	1. The market demand is constantly expanding, and there are many potential market opportunities	0.866	0.733	0.943	0.943
	2. Market demand is not fully met, and new market segments continue to emerge	0.838
	3. Consumers are generally willing to try new products and services	0.847
	4. Consumers have low switching costs among different brands and product categories	0.875
	5. Incumbent enterprises invest a lot of resources to cultivate their current core competitiveness	0.862
	6. Most companies in the industry follow past habits and are reluctant to change much	0.850
Technology opportunities	1. Short industry technology life cycle, easy to capture new technology opportunities	0.891	0.766	0.952	0.951
	2. Emerging technologies continue to emerge, making it easy to achieve technological leapfrog development	0.841
	3. The industry is widely related to technology and can obtain more cross-border innovation opportunities	0.879
	4. The technology has a wide application field, from which greater innovation benefits can be obtained	0.886
	5. The technology market is relatively mature, and it is easy for enterprises to obtain the required technology	0.887
	6. High degree of technology modularity, low barriers to product research and development	0.867
Higher-order capabilities	1. Enterprises can timely respond to environmental changes and strategic adjustments	0.855	0.714	0.937	0.937
	2. The enterprise system and organizational structure are flexible, allowing the transcend of the existing power structure	0.849
	3. Enterprises can obtain required resources from suppliers/customers/competitors/partners	0.843
	4. Enterprises can realize shared allocation and utilization of resources within the enterprise	0.803
	5. The enterprise can continuously improve working methods or business processes to improve work efficiency	0.863
	6. Enterprises can use new technologies to effectively improve independent research and development capabilities and continuously introduce new products	0.854
Ordinary capabilities	1. The company has an innovative culture widely recognized by employees	0.891	0.753	0.948	0.948
	2. The company has a sound knowledge-sharing system	0.868
	3. The company implements cross-department staff rotation or creates cross-department project teams	0.885
	4. the company holds meetings across departments or introduces systems to accumulate, exchange or share information among departments	0.862
	5. The company can continuously carry out organizational innovation and process innovation	0.837
	6. The company’s top management team can reasonably delegate power and assign responsibility to capable subordinates	0.863
Strategic cognition	1. The company emphasizes that customers, resources, environment and other factors must be considered at the same time	0.917	0.819	0.965	0.964
	2. The company emphasizes analyzing competition and formulating strategies from the overall perspective	0.910
	3. The company must look at the overall situation and find a balance among the many contradictions	0.922
	4. The company believes that it is more important to capture the details than to analyze the whole	0.899
	5. The company emphasizes that special breakthroughs are more conducive to improving competitiveness than the overall improvement	0.891
	6. Complex management problems can only be solved by gradually decomposing and analyzing the company one by one	0.891
Digital transformation	1. Digital technology provides support for achieving the strategic goals of our enterprise	0.888	0.809	0.974	0.974
	2. Digital technology drives our enterprises to readjust their strategic goals	0.900
	3. Our enterprise actively uses digital technology to create new business opportunities	0.906
	4. Our enterprise uses digital technology to improve existing business activities	0.909
	5. Our business uses digital technology to distribute products	0.887
	6. Our company tries to use digital technology to develop new products based on existing products	0.891
	7. Our company tries to use digital technology to create new products that are less relevant to existing products	0.897
	8. Our enterprise can match the new operation activities after the implementation of digitalization with the existing organizational structure, or set up a new organizational structure to support the new operation activities	0.911
	9. Our enterprise has the organizational ability to execute digital transformation or try to improve organizational ability to meet the development needs of digital transformation	0.906
Entrepreneurship	1. I’m always thinking of new ways to grow my business	0.821	0.702	0.934	0.948
	2. I am able to apply ideas, questions and observations to different contexts	0.862
	3. I'm willing to take high risks for high returns	0.835
	4. I accept uncertainty as an integral part of business	0.866
	5. My career is a core part of my life, and I often give up my rest time for work	0.834
	6. In the face of challenging work, I am always full of passion and eager to try	0.806

Source: This table is created by the authors

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