Table 3. Distribution of variables by... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3.

Distribution of variables by summary statistic

Variables and scenarios	Min.			Max.			Mean			Std. Deviation
Variables and scenarios	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3
Tobin’s Q	0.01	0.01	0.01	12.98	23.00	28.70	1.11	1.27	1.10	1.32	1.84	1.80
ESG	10.24	2.85	4.03	95.74	95.21	95.51	55.89	57.10	58.72	15.37	18.92	18.27
Beta	−0.65	−0.01	−0.11	2.96	3.81	3.08	0.87	1.08	1.09	0.46	0.51	0.46
Leverage	0.00	0.00	0.00	1377.33	58245.83	9673.68	103.37	177.61	68.93	140.48	1903.71	343.13
Size	15.28	14.95	15.38	28.34	28.54	28.61	21.90	21.98	22.24	2.44	2.49	2.39
N	n = 942

Variables and scenarios	Min.			Max.			Mean			Std. Deviation
Variables and scenarios	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3
Tobin’s Q	0.01	0.01	0.01	12.98	23.00	28.70	1.11	1.27	1.10	1.32	1.84	1.80
ESG	10.24	2.85	4.03	95.74	95.21	95.51	55.89	57.10	58.72	15.37	18.92	18.27
Beta	−0.65	−0.01	−0.11	2.96	3.81	3.08	0.87	1.08	1.09	0.46	0.51	0.46
Leverage	0.00	0.00	0.00	1377.33	58245.83	9673.68	103.37	177.61	68.93	140.48	1903.71	343.13
Size	15.28	14.95	15.38	28.34	28.54	28.61	21.90	21.98	22.24	2.44	2.49	2.39
N	n = 942

Note(s): Before the Covid pandemic (Scenario 1), During Covid (Scenario 2), During the Russia–Ukraine War (Scenario 3)

Source(s): Authors’ own work