Measurement scales
| Novelty seeking | NS1 | Space tourism service is novel and original to me | Chang (2017) Yuan and Hong (2022) Kim and Kim (2015) |
| NS2 | I am excited about the prospect of experiencing something completely new, like space tourism | ||
| NS3 | I seek out novel activities, such as space travel, to satisfy my curiosity | ||
| NS4 | I prefer travel experiences that are different from my usual routine, such as visiting outer space | ||
| NS5 | Innovative technologies, like virtual reality, enhance my interest in space tourism | ||
| Sensation seeking | SS1 | I feel a strong urge to explore the unknown | Lepp and Gibson (2008) Kiatkawsin et al. (2021) |
| SS2 | I would love to explore strange and exciting places | ||
| SS3 | I like to do frightening things | ||
| SS4 | I am enthusiasm about the idea of traveling to space | ||
| SS5 | I often seek out experiences that provide a thrill or excitement | ||
| Adventure seeking | AS1 | I have a strong interest in. the possibilities of space exploration | Cohen (2017) Launius (2000) Pomfret (2021) |
| AS2 | The growing trend of adventure tourism influences me to travel to space | ||
| AS3 | For me, it would be an exciting adventure to experience space tourism | ||
| AS4 | The opportunity to explore space strongly appeals to my adventurous spirit | ||
| Space tourism Intention | STI1 | I am excited about the possibility of traveling to space | Congden et al. (2024) Giachino et al. (2023) Zhang (2024) |
| STI2 | I am willing to pay a premium price for a space tourism experience | ||
| STI3 | I will participate in space tourism in the next five years | ||
| STI4 | I’m interested in making future plans to travel into space | ||
| STI5 | I am ready to take all necessary steps to make space tourism a reality for me | ||
| Perceived risk | PR1 | I believe that participating in space tourism poses significant health risks | Manci (2022) Kim et al. (2023) |
| PR2 | I feel anxious about the uncertainties involved in space tourism | ||
| PR3 | I worry about how my peers will perceive my decision to go on a space trip | ||
| PR4 | I doubt that space tourism companies will ensure a safe and reliable experience | ||
| Space tourism attitude | STA1 | As a tourism destination, I think space travel would be enjoyable | Kiatkawsin et al. (2021) |
| STA2 | All things considered, I think space travel would be positive | ||
| STA3 | As a tourism destination, I think space travel would be pleasant | ||
| STA4 | All things considered, I think space travel would be favorable | ||
| STA5 | I think participating in space tourism is a positive behavior | ||
| Environmental concern | EC1 | I am aware of the potential environmental impacts of space tourism | Kim et al. (2024b) Thiruchelvi (2024) |
| EC2 | Sustainability is a crucial factor in my decision to participate in space tourism | ||
| EC3 | I feel personally responsible for the environmental consequences of space tourism | ||
| EC4 | I support regulations that aim to minimize the environmental impact of space tourism | ||
| EC5 | My environmental concerns significantly influence my travel decisions regarding space tourism |
| Novelty seeking | Space tourism service is novel and original to me | ||
| I am excited about the prospect of experiencing something completely new, like space tourism | |||
| I seek out novel activities, such as space travel, to satisfy my curiosity | |||
| I prefer travel experiences that are different from my usual routine, such as visiting outer space | |||
| Innovative technologies, like virtual reality, enhance my interest in space tourism | |||
| Sensation seeking | I feel a strong urge to explore the unknown | ||
| I would love to explore strange and exciting places | |||
| I like to do frightening things | |||
| I am enthusiasm about the idea of traveling to space | |||
| I often seek out experiences that provide a thrill or excitement | |||
| Adventure seeking | I have a strong interest in. the possibilities of space exploration | ||
| The growing trend of adventure tourism influences me to travel to space | |||
| For me, it would be an exciting adventure to experience space tourism | |||
| The opportunity to explore space strongly appeals to my adventurous spirit | |||
| Space tourism Intention | I am excited about the possibility of traveling to space | ||
| I am willing to pay a premium price for a space tourism experience | |||
| I will participate in space tourism in the next five years | |||
| I’m interested in making future plans to travel into space | |||
| I am ready to take all necessary steps to make space tourism a reality for me | |||
| Perceived risk | I believe that participating in space tourism poses significant health risks | ||
| I feel anxious about the uncertainties involved in space tourism | |||
| I worry about how my peers will perceive my decision to go on a space trip | |||
| I doubt that space tourism companies will ensure a safe and reliable experience | |||
| Space tourism attitude | As a tourism destination, I think space travel would be enjoyable | ||
| All things considered, I think space travel would be positive | |||
| As a tourism destination, I think space travel would be pleasant | |||
| All things considered, I think space travel would be favorable | |||
| I think participating in space tourism is a positive behavior | |||
| Environmental concern | I am aware of the potential environmental impacts of space tourism | ||
| Sustainability is a crucial factor in my decision to participate in space tourism | |||
| I feel personally responsible for the environmental consequences of space tourism | |||
| I support regulations that aim to minimize the environmental impact of space tourism | |||
| My environmental concerns significantly influence my travel decisions regarding space tourism |
Source(s): The authors
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