Five-factor model (turnover rate as liquidity measure)
| Coefficient | t-statistic | Coefficient | t-statistic | Coefficient | t-statistic | Coefficient | t-statistic | Coefficient | t-statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small size | 0.76*** | 17.85 | 0.83*** | 16.09 | 0.19*** | 3.73 | −0.02 | −0.46 | −0.06 | −1.47 |
| Size-2 | 0.66*** | 11.79 | 0.25*** | 3.63 | 0.38*** | 5.51 | 0.13** | 2.36 | 0.08 | 1.50 |
| Size-3 | 0.59*** | 9.82 | 0.30*** | 4.12 | 0.05 | 0.67 | 0.09 | 1.50 | −0.06 | −1.09 |
| Size-4 | 0.67*** | 11.78 | 0.15** | 2.21 | 0.07 | 1.03 | 0.02 | 0.28 | −0.05 | −0.93 |
| Large size | 0.76*** | 17.85 | −0.17*** | −3.33 | 0.19*** | 3.73 | −0.02 | −0.46 | −0.06 | −1.47 |
| Low BM | 0.71*** | 15.46 | 0.29*** | 5.19 | −0.25*** | −4.42 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.21 |
| BM-2 | 0.58*** | 11.09 | 0.16** | 2.58 | 0.04 | 0.59 | −0.05 | −1.00 | −0.17*** | −3.35 |
| BM-3 | 0.67*** | 11.95 | 0.27*** | 3.95 | 0.12* | 1.79 | 0.07 | 1.20 | −0.14*** | −2.73 |
| BM-4 | 0.64*** | 12.11 | 0.28*** | 4.35 | 0.32*** | 4.89 | 0.03 | 0.48 | 0.03 | 0.53 |
| High BM | 0.71*** | 15.46 | 0.29*** | 5.19 | 0.75*** | 13.43 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.21 |
| Low MMT | 0.67*** | 14.93 | 0.31*** | 5.73 | 0.24*** | 4.30 | −0.49*** | −10.80 | −0.06 | −1.50 |
| MMT-2 | 0.62*** | 11.43 | 0.23*** | 3.55 | 0.18*** | 2.77 | −0.04 | −0.73 | −0.03 | −0.51 |
| MMT-3 | 0.63*** | 11.86 | 0.22*** | 3.48 | 0.12* | 1.84 | −0.04 | −0.73 | −0.08 | −1.56 |
| MMT-4 | 0.71*** | 13.32 | 0.18*** | 2.86 | 0.20*** | 3.11 | 0.11 | 2.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| High MMT | 0.67*** | 14.93 | 0.31*** | 5.73 | 0.24*** | 4.30 | 0.51*** | 11.16 | −0.06 | −1.50 |
| Low LIQ | 0.75*** | 17.30 | 0.20*** | 3.83 | 0.19*** | 3.57 | −0.03 | −0.70 | 0.47*** | 11.75 |
| LIQ-2 | 0.53*** | 9.12 | 0.29*** | 4.20 | 0.14** | 2.00 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.04 | 0.66 |
| LIQ-3 | 0.59*** | 9.59 | 0.31*** | 4.19 | 0.18** | 2.48 | −0.07 | −1.19 | −0.09 | −1.53 |
| LIQ-4 | 0.72*** | 13.68 | 0.29*** | 4.61 | 0.29*** | 4.61 | 0.13** | 2.41 | −0.14*** | −2.82 |
| High LIQ | 0.75*** | 17.30 | 0.20*** | 3.83 | 0.19*** | 3.57 | −0.03 | −0.70 | −0.53*** | −13.04 |
| Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small size | 0.76*** | 17.85 | 0.83*** | 16.09 | 0.19*** | 3.73 | −0.02 | −0.46 | −0.06 | −1.47 |
| Size-2 | 0.66*** | 11.79 | 0.25*** | 3.63 | 0.38*** | 5.51 | 0.13** | 2.36 | 0.08 | 1.50 |
| Size-3 | 0.59*** | 9.82 | 0.30*** | 4.12 | 0.05 | 0.67 | 0.09 | 1.50 | −0.06 | −1.09 |
| Size-4 | 0.67*** | 11.78 | 0.15** | 2.21 | 0.07 | 1.03 | 0.02 | 0.28 | −0.05 | −0.93 |
| Large size | 0.76*** | 17.85 | −0.17*** | −3.33 | 0.19*** | 3.73 | −0.02 | −0.46 | −0.06 | −1.47 |
| Low BM | 0.71*** | 15.46 | 0.29*** | 5.19 | −0.25*** | −4.42 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.21 |
| BM-2 | 0.58*** | 11.09 | 0.16** | 2.58 | 0.04 | 0.59 | −0.05 | −1.00 | −0.17*** | −3.35 |
| BM-3 | 0.67*** | 11.95 | 0.27*** | 3.95 | 0.12* | 1.79 | 0.07 | 1.20 | −0.14*** | −2.73 |
| BM-4 | 0.64*** | 12.11 | 0.28*** | 4.35 | 0.32*** | 4.89 | 0.03 | 0.48 | 0.03 | 0.53 |
| High BM | 0.71*** | 15.46 | 0.29*** | 5.19 | 0.75*** | 13.43 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.21 |
| Low MMT | 0.67*** | 14.93 | 0.31*** | 5.73 | 0.24*** | 4.30 | −0.49*** | −10.80 | −0.06 | −1.50 |
| MMT-2 | 0.62*** | 11.43 | 0.23*** | 3.55 | 0.18*** | 2.77 | −0.04 | −0.73 | −0.03 | −0.51 |
| MMT-3 | 0.63*** | 11.86 | 0.22*** | 3.48 | 0.12* | 1.84 | −0.04 | −0.73 | −0.08 | −1.56 |
| MMT-4 | 0.71*** | 13.32 | 0.18*** | 2.86 | 0.20*** | 3.11 | 0.11 | 2.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| High MMT | 0.67*** | 14.93 | 0.31*** | 5.73 | 0.24*** | 4.30 | 0.51*** | 11.16 | −0.06 | −1.50 |
| Low LIQ | 0.75*** | 17.30 | 0.20*** | 3.83 | 0.19*** | 3.57 | −0.03 | −0.70 | 0.47*** | 11.75 |
| LIQ-2 | 0.53*** | 9.12 | 0.29*** | 4.20 | 0.14** | 2.00 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.04 | 0.66 |
| LIQ-3 | 0.59*** | 9.59 | 0.31*** | 4.19 | 0.18** | 2.48 | −0.07 | −1.19 | −0.09 | −1.53 |
| LIQ-4 | 0.72*** | 13.68 | 0.29*** | 4.61 | 0.29*** | 4.61 | 0.13** | 2.41 | −0.14*** | −2.82 |
| High LIQ | 0.75*** | 17.30 | 0.20*** | 3.83 | 0.19*** | 3.57 | −0.03 | −0.70 | −0.53*** | −13.04 |
Note(s): ** and *** denote significance at 5 and 1% levels, respectively
Source(s): Own elaboration based on data taken from Thomson-Reuters DataStream
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