Five-factor model (illiquidity cost as liquidity measure)
| Coefficient | t-statistic | Coefficient | t-statistic | Coefficient | t-statistic | Coefficient | t-statistic | Coefficient | t-statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small size | 0.80*** | 19.81 | 0.82*** | 13.70 | 0.19*** | 3.60 | −0.02 | −0.52 | −0.01 | −0.12 |
| Size-2 | 0.70*** | 13.39 | 0.15 | 1.90 | 0.32*** | 4.64 | 0.12** | 2.21 | 0.21*** | 2.97 |
| Size-3 | 0.63*** | 11.18 | 0.28*** | 3.34 | 0.05 | 0.63 | 0.09 | 1.43 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
| Size-4 | 0.68*** | 12.72 | 0.17** | 2.16 | 0.09 | 1.19 | 0.02 | 0.30 | −0.06 | −0.78 |
| Large size | 0.80*** | 19.81 | −0.18*** | −3.06 | 0.19*** | 3.60 | −0.02 | −0.52 | −0.01 | −0.12 |
| Low BM | 0.73*** | 16.84 | 0.26*** | 4.08 | −0.26*** | −4.50 | 0.00 | −0.08 | 0.05 | 0.87 |
| BM-2 | 0.63*** | 12.62 | 0.21*** | 2.79 | 0.07 | 1.11 | −0.05 | −0.95 | −0.15** | −2.19 |
| BM-3 | 0.74*** | 13.85 | 0.27*** | 3.35 | 0.14 | 1.91 | 0.06 | 1.12 | −0.06 | −0.85 |
| BM-4 | 0.69*** | 13.96 | 0.20*** | 2.71 | 0.28*** | 4.19 | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.15** | 2.28 |
| High BM | 0.73*** | 16.84 | 0.26*** | 4.08 | 0.74*** | 12.76 | 0.00 | −0.08 | 0.05 | 0.87 |
| Low MMT | 0.73*** | 17.19 | 0.27*** | 4.34 | 0.23*** | 3.95 | −0.50*** | −10.86 | 0.04 | 0.65 |
| MMT-2 | 0.65*** | 12.74 | 0.21*** | 2.77 | 0.18** | 2.57 | −0.04 | −0.78 | 0.03 | 0.41 |
| MMT-3 | 0.67*** | 13.27 | 0.23*** | 3.04 | 0.13 | 1.91 | −0.04 | −0.75 | −0.04 | −0.59 |
| MMT-4 | 0.72*** | 14.36 | 0.17** | 2.32 | 0.20*** | 2.92 | 0.11** | 2.08 | 0.02 | 0.31 |
| High MMT | 0.73*** | 17.19 | 0.27*** | 4.34 | 0.23*** | 3.95 | 0.50*** | 10.96 | 0.04 | 0.65 |
| Low LIQ | 0.82*** | 21.10 | 0.16*** | 2.77 | 0.20*** | 3.77 | −0.06 | −1.40 | −0.40*** | −7.42 |
| LIQ-2 | 0.69*** | 12.69 | 0.25*** | 3.04 | 0.10 | 1.33 | −0.01 | −0.11 | −0.11 | −1.47 |
| LIQ-3 | 0.62*** | 11.42 | 0.24*** | 2.98 | 0.14 | 1.96 | 0.10 | 1.74 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| LIQ-4 | 0.57*** | 10.37 | 0.35*** | 4.31 | 0.31*** | 4.23 | 0.04 | 0.75 | 0.03 | 0.38 |
| High LIQ | 0.82*** | 21.10 | 0.16*** | 2.77 | 0.20*** | 3.77 | −0.06 | −1.40 | 0.60*** | 11.16 |
| Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | Coefficient | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small size | 0.80*** | 19.81 | 0.82*** | 13.70 | 0.19*** | 3.60 | −0.02 | −0.52 | −0.01 | −0.12 |
| Size-2 | 0.70*** | 13.39 | 0.15 | 1.90 | 0.32*** | 4.64 | 0.12** | 2.21 | 0.21*** | 2.97 |
| Size-3 | 0.63*** | 11.18 | 0.28*** | 3.34 | 0.05 | 0.63 | 0.09 | 1.43 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
| Size-4 | 0.68*** | 12.72 | 0.17** | 2.16 | 0.09 | 1.19 | 0.02 | 0.30 | −0.06 | −0.78 |
| Large size | 0.80*** | 19.81 | −0.18*** | −3.06 | 0.19*** | 3.60 | −0.02 | −0.52 | −0.01 | −0.12 |
| Low BM | 0.73*** | 16.84 | 0.26*** | 4.08 | −0.26*** | −4.50 | 0.00 | −0.08 | 0.05 | 0.87 |
| BM-2 | 0.63*** | 12.62 | 0.21*** | 2.79 | 0.07 | 1.11 | −0.05 | −0.95 | −0.15** | −2.19 |
| BM-3 | 0.74*** | 13.85 | 0.27*** | 3.35 | 0.14 | 1.91 | 0.06 | 1.12 | −0.06 | −0.85 |
| BM-4 | 0.69*** | 13.96 | 0.20*** | 2.71 | 0.28*** | 4.19 | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.15** | 2.28 |
| High BM | 0.73*** | 16.84 | 0.26*** | 4.08 | 0.74*** | 12.76 | 0.00 | −0.08 | 0.05 | 0.87 |
| Low MMT | 0.73*** | 17.19 | 0.27*** | 4.34 | 0.23*** | 3.95 | −0.50*** | −10.86 | 0.04 | 0.65 |
| MMT-2 | 0.65*** | 12.74 | 0.21*** | 2.77 | 0.18** | 2.57 | −0.04 | −0.78 | 0.03 | 0.41 |
| MMT-3 | 0.67*** | 13.27 | 0.23*** | 3.04 | 0.13 | 1.91 | −0.04 | −0.75 | −0.04 | −0.59 |
| MMT-4 | 0.72*** | 14.36 | 0.17** | 2.32 | 0.20*** | 2.92 | 0.11** | 2.08 | 0.02 | 0.31 |
| High MMT | 0.73*** | 17.19 | 0.27*** | 4.34 | 0.23*** | 3.95 | 0.50*** | 10.96 | 0.04 | 0.65 |
| Low LIQ | 0.82*** | 21.10 | 0.16*** | 2.77 | 0.20*** | 3.77 | −0.06 | −1.40 | −0.40*** | −7.42 |
| LIQ-2 | 0.69*** | 12.69 | 0.25*** | 3.04 | 0.10 | 1.33 | −0.01 | −0.11 | −0.11 | −1.47 |
| LIQ-3 | 0.62*** | 11.42 | 0.24*** | 2.98 | 0.14 | 1.96 | 0.10 | 1.74 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| LIQ-4 | 0.57*** | 10.37 | 0.35*** | 4.31 | 0.31*** | 4.23 | 0.04 | 0.75 | 0.03 | 0.38 |
| High LIQ | 0.82*** | 21.10 | 0.16*** | 2.77 | 0.20*** | 3.77 | −0.06 | −1.40 | 0.60*** | 11.16 |
Note(s): ** and *** indicate significance at 5 and 1%, respectively
Source(s): Own elaboration based on data taken from Thomson-Reuters DataStream
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