Table 2 Emergent second-order concepts... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Emergent second-order concepts and explanations of how and why extant research/er ideals may inhibit reactive conformance to the academic performer ideal materialized by PMSs

Representative examples of first-order (in vivo) expressions	Second-order concepts Qualities of alternative research/er ideals	Explanations of how and why qualities of alternative research/er ideals inhibit reactive conformance to PMS ideals
Expressions about the importance of making a difference in practice I think that university management has a very elitist view on research […] but does not care about its impact on practice, something that we traditionally have been good at It's about making a difference [in practice] I am commissioned by society to deliver knowledge useful in practice To explore what works for society. These people get a better situation because I've shown what works You want to make a difference to someone, in some respect. […] So for me, research is about engagement in societal issues	(1) Central and since-long established	The more central and since-long established research/er ideals are, the more persistent to change they become
Expressions about perceived gaps between research/er ideals I feel that the measurement and evaluation “cloud” gets larger and larger, and this makes it even more important for me to decide where to go […] and I have chosen to read and do what I find interesting [rather than to focus on writing journal publications per se] It is important that people outside the research community take an interest in what we do. After all, that's what it is all about in my view. There is no point in writing papers for one another It all depends on whose standard you use. […] Either you see yourself as commissioned by society, or by the university [… who] expect me to work on my CV with the right publications	(2) Orthogonal in relation to performer ideal	The more orthogonal research/er ideals are in relation to the academic performer ideal, the more likely they are to prompt critical reflection and conscious contestation of this ideal
Expressions of unity within the research group We are very assured [that we do the right thing]. So the [central] control system does not pervade within our group What we have in common in our research group is that everybody is very close to the practices that we investigate We have a common view on what research should be about Our research leader always talks about us as a group, that is, that we as a group has published through particular channels	(3) Shared within research group	The more shared researcher ideals are within research groups, the more likely they are to reduce uncertainty as to what is (not) deemed legitimate behaviour
Expressions about a perceived legitimacy within own research community I think we are highly respected in our own research community When it comes to my research group, our standing in the international research community is really good, not least considering the relatively small size of the group I know that our research focused on [X] has a very good position [within our research community]. The researchers in question have introduced some path-breaking perspectives. [… And], these new perspectives are now becoming more established I think that we are seen as innovative and entrepreneurial, in particular among our Swedish counterparts at other universities	(4) Perceived as legitimate among important external stakeholders	The stronger the perceived legitimacy of alternative research/er ideals is among important (external) stakeholders, the more likely they are to inhibit a deterioration of these ideals through being an alternative and significant source of symbolic and tangible appreciations

Representative examples of first-order (in vivo) expressions	Second-order conceptsQualities of alternative research/er ideals	Explanations of how and why qualities of alternative research/er ideals inhibit reactive conformance to PMS ideals
Expressions about the importance of making a difference in practice I think that university management has a very elitist view on research […] but does not care about its impact on practice, something that we traditionally have been good at It's about making a difference [in practice] I am commissioned by society to deliver knowledge useful in practice To explore what works for society. These people get a better situation because I've shown what works You want to make a difference to someone, in some respect. […] So for me, research is about engagement in societal issues	(1) Central and since-long established	The more central and since-long established research/er ideals are, the more persistent to change they become
Expressions about perceived gaps between research/er ideals I feel that the measurement and evaluation “cloud” gets larger and larger, and this makes it even more important for me to decide where to go […] and I have chosen to read and do what I find interesting [rather than to focus on writing journal publications per se] It is important that people outside the research community take an interest in what we do. After all, that's what it is all about in my view. There is no point in writing papers for one another It all depends on whose standard you use. […] Either you see yourself as commissioned by society, or by the university [… who] expect me to work on my CV with the right publications	(2) Orthogonal in relation to performer ideal	The more orthogonal research/er ideals are in relation to the academic performer ideal, the more likely they are to prompt critical reflection and conscious contestation of this ideal
Expressions of unity within the research group We are very assured [that we do the right thing]. So the [central] control system does not pervade within our group What we have in common in our research group is that everybody is very close to the practices that we investigate We have a common view on what research should be about Our research leader always talks about us as a group, that is, that we as a group has published through particular channels	(3) Shared within research group	The more shared researcher ideals are within research groups, the more likely they are to reduce uncertainty as to what is (not) deemed legitimate behaviour
Expressions about a perceived legitimacy within own research community I think we are highly respected in our own research community When it comes to my research group, our standing in the international research community is really good, not least considering the relatively small size of the group I know that our research focused on [X] has a very good position [within our research community]. The researchers in question have introduced some path-breaking perspectives. [… And], these new perspectives are now becoming more established I think that we are seen as innovative and entrepreneurial, in particular among our Swedish counterparts at other universities	(4) Perceived as legitimate among important external stakeholders	The stronger the perceived legitimacy of alternative research/er ideals is among important (external) stakeholders, the more likely they are to inhibit a deterioration of these ideals through being an alternative and significant source of symbolic and tangible appreciations