Table 2 Evolution of e-tourism trends as... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Evolution of e-tourism trends as per the timeline

Duration	Trends developed in e-tourism	Sources
2004–2008	ICT diffusion in small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMTEs); e-commerce; business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce; travel applications; web page design; spatial data infrastructure; agent technology; reputation-based electronic tourism (RET); skeleton agent; RoboSkeleton; multi-agent environment; logic programming; personalization, information filtering and recommendation; 3D e-tourism environment; CRM for self-service technologies	(Berger et al., 2007; Buhalis and Deimezi, 2004; Camacho et al., 2006; Oliver Fodor and Werthner, 2005; Hsiao et al., 2015; Popescu et al., 2006; Scholten et al., 2006; Stockdale, 2007; Susser and Ariga, 2006; Zanker et al., 2006)
2009–2012	Recommender system; fusion of context-aware pervasive systems, GIS systems, social networks, and semantics; knowledge-based recommenders; sales support systems; quality in e-tourism; online purchase intention; design computing; digital architecture and archaeology; imaging sensors and scanners; computer modelling software; haptic equipment and e-learning technology; B2C and B2B e-marketplace; virtual organizations; application of logic programming; semantic web technology; mobile services; 3D digital content; information and communication technologies; 3D map-based interface; real-time location-sensitive recommendations; social network sites (SNS); destination management system (DMS)	(Buyukozkan and Ergun, 2011; Catalano et al., 2011; Chiu, 2009; Felfernig et al., 2009; García-Crespo et al., 2009; Isfandyari-Moghaddam, 2012; Markus et al., 2010; Noguera et al., 2012; Ricca et al., 2010; Ruiz-Martínez et al., 2011; Sebastia et al., 2009; Stiakakis and Georgiadis, 2011; Styliadis et al., 2009)
2013–2016	Social media; user-generated contents; Facebook tourism; management of user profile; digital camera; smartphone technologies; high-quality images and video (high-resolution panoramic); virtual reality system; city planning application; robot navigation; virtual tourism; terrestrial laser scanner; point cloud data; Gaussian map; shape analysis of a three-dimensional (3-D) scene; reputation management; web marketing; application of 2.0 systems thinking; online tourism ads; visual methods; image-focussed social media; mobile tourism; 3D geo-informatics; 3D scene exploration; personalized path planning; 3D virtual reality; digital reconstruction; laser scanning; collaborative filtering (CF) approach; mobile technologies; collaborative e-learning; linked open data (LOD); blog mining; information retrieval; e-service personalization; recommender system; website quality; website interactivity; traveller’s rating pattern; online reviews; hyperlink network analysis; webometrics	(Al-Hassan et al., 2015; Banerjee and Chua, 2016; Batat and Prentovic, 2014; Chiang and Huang, 2015; Fang et al., 2016; Fermoso et al., 2015; Herban et al., 2014; Huang and Bian, 2015; Huang et al., 2016; Ku and Chen, 2015; Liu et al., 2014b; Lu et al., 2015; Moreno et al., 2013; Ning et al., 2013; Pantano and Pietro, 2013; Pilar Latorre-Martinez et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2015; Xu and Mulligan, 2013; Yiakoumettis et al., 2014; Ying et al., 2016)
2017–2020	Web 2.0; web content analysis; e-lienation; netnography; network science; social network analysis; smart tourism; destination management; calm technology; smart technology; context-aware computing; digital storytelling; e-tourism; recommender system; ICT; transformative research; COVID-19; human machine interaction; human-computer interactions; mobile augmented reality apps; mobile computing; technology adoption; human-centred design; technology-mediated tourist experience; tourism 4.0; augmented reality; collaborative filtering; context-awareness; sequential pattern mining; e-tourism package recommendation; big data; gravitational search algorithm; machine learning	(Baggio and Fuchs, 2018; Casillo et al., 2019; Cranmer et al., 2020; Cristobal-Fransi et al., 2017; Do et al., 2020; Gretzel et al., 2020; Johnson and Samakovlis, 2019; Kolahkaj et al., 2020; Pilar Latorre-Martinez et al., 2014; Stankov and Filimonau, 2019; Stankov and Gretzel, 2020; Tribe and Mkono, 2017; Xie et al., 2021)

Duration	Trends developed in e-tourism	Sources
2004–2008	ICT diffusion in small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMTEs); e-commerce; business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce; travel applications; web page design; spatial data infrastructure; agent technology; reputation-based electronic tourism (RET); skeleton agent; RoboSkeleton; multi-agent environment; logic programming; personalization, information filtering and recommendation; 3D e-tourism environment; CRM for self-service technologies	(Berger et al., 2007; Buhalis and Deimezi, 2004; Camacho et al., 2006; Oliver Fodor and Werthner, 2005; Hsiao et al., 2015; Popescu et al., 2006; Scholten et al., 2006; Stockdale, 2007; Susser and Ariga, 2006; Zanker et al., 2006)
2009–2012	Recommender system; fusion of context-aware pervasive systems, GIS systems, social networks, and semantics; knowledge-based recommenders; sales support systems; quality in e-tourism; online purchase intention; design computing; digital architecture and archaeology; imaging sensors and scanners; computer modelling software; haptic equipment and e-learning technology; B2C and B2B e-marketplace; virtual organizations; application of logic programming; semantic web technology; mobile services; 3D digital content; information and communication technologies; 3D map-based interface; real-time location-sensitive recommendations; social network sites (SNS); destination management system (DMS)	(Buyukozkan and Ergun, 2011; Catalano et al., 2011; Chiu, 2009; Felfernig et al., 2009; García-Crespo et al., 2009; Isfandyari-Moghaddam, 2012; Markus et al., 2010; Noguera et al., 2012; Ricca et al., 2010; Ruiz-Martínez et al., 2011; Sebastia et al., 2009; Stiakakis and Georgiadis, 2011; Styliadis et al., 2009)
2013–2016	Social media; user-generated contents; Facebook tourism; management of user profile; digital camera; smartphone technologies; high-quality images and video (high-resolution panoramic); virtual reality system; city planning application; robot navigation; virtual tourism; terrestrial laser scanner; point cloud data; Gaussian map; shape analysis of a three-dimensional (3-D) scene; reputation management; web marketing; application of 2.0 systems thinking; online tourism ads; visual methods; image-focussed social media; mobile tourism; 3D geo-informatics; 3D scene exploration; personalized path planning; 3D virtual reality; digital reconstruction; laser scanning; collaborative filtering (CF) approach; mobile technologies; collaborative e-learning; linked open data (LOD); blog mining; information retrieval; e-service personalization; recommender system; website quality; website interactivity; traveller’s rating pattern; online reviews; hyperlink network analysis; webometrics	(Al-Hassan et al., 2015; Banerjee and Chua, 2016; Batat and Prentovic, 2014; Chiang and Huang, 2015; Fang et al., 2016; Fermoso et al., 2015; Herban et al., 2014; Huang and Bian, 2015; Huang et al., 2016; Ku and Chen, 2015; Liu et al., 2014b; Lu et al., 2015; Moreno et al., 2013; Ning et al., 2013; Pantano and Pietro, 2013; Pilar Latorre-Martinez et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2015; Xu and Mulligan, 2013; Yiakoumettis et al., 2014; Ying et al., 2016)
2017–2020	Web 2.0; web content analysis; e-lienation; netnography; network science; social network analysis; smart tourism; destination management; calm technology; smart technology; context-aware computing; digital storytelling; e-tourism; recommender system; ICT; transformative research; COVID-19; human machine interaction; human-computer interactions; mobile augmented reality apps; mobile computing; technology adoption; human-centred design; technology-mediated tourist experience; tourism 4.0; augmented reality; collaborative filtering; context-awareness; sequential pattern mining; e-tourism package recommendation; big data; gravitational search algorithm; machine learning	(Baggio and Fuchs, 2018; Casillo et al., 2019; Cranmer et al., 2020; Cristobal-Fransi et al., 2017; Do et al., 2020; Gretzel et al., 2020; Johnson and Samakovlis, 2019; Kolahkaj et al., 2020; Pilar Latorre-Martinez et al., 2014; Stankov and Filimonau, 2019; Stankov and Gretzel, 2020; Tribe and Mkono, 2017; Xie et al., 2021)