Table III. Unit root tests results...

Table III.

Unit root tests results

Variables	Individual effect^a	Individual effect	None^c
Individual linear trend^b
Agriculture value added	−20.86***	−20.62***	−15.13***
Temperature	−163.84***	−163.98***	0.82
Precipitation	−57.41***	−66.16***	−1.50*
Fertilizer	−11.51***	−14.69***	−1.79**
Agriculture input imports	−9.02***	−7.55***	−10.30***
Population	−4.69***	−42.68***	3.19
Agriculture land area	−4.88***	−100.03***	−35.53***

Variables	Individual effect^a	Individual effect	None^c
Individual linear trend^b
Agriculture value added	−20.86***	−20.62***	−15.13***
Temperature	−163.84***	−163.98***	0.82
Precipitation	−57.41***	−66.16***	−1.50*
Fertilizer	−11.51***	−14.69***	−1.79**
Agriculture input imports	−9.02***	−7.55***	−10.30***
Population	−4.69***	−42.68***	3.19
Agriculture land area	−4.88***	−100.03***	−35.53***

Notes:

***

and

show that the null hypothesis of the presence of unit root is rejected at 99, 95 and 90% confidence level, respectively;

results estimated using the equation with only constant included;

Results estimated using the equation with constant term and deterministic trend included;

results estimated using the equation without constant term and trend

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