Regression results for 2SLS
| Full sample | Africa | Asia | Europe | South America | Oceania | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2SLS | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
| Panel A | ||||||
| Longitude | −0.077* (0.004) | −0.145*** (0.012) | −0.126*** (0.009) | −0.039** (0.021) | 0.051 (0.031) | −0.399 (0.433) |
| Latitude | −0.142** (0.009) | −0.020*** (0.015) | −0.459* (0.28) | −0.480*** (0.028) | 0.219*** (0.012) | 0.080 (0.412) |
| Constant | 6.083*** (2.13) | 36.644*** (2.956) | 23.222*** (6.712) | 29.081*** (4.106) | 24.286*** (7.877) | 117.26 (127.34) |
| Year fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Country fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Clustered SE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.346 | 0.507 | 0.748 | 0.639 | 0.807 | 0.99 |
| F-statistics | 70.84 | 50.23 | 107 | 174.08 | 147.82 | 1,064 |
| Observation | 780 | 169 | 169 | 286 | 91 | 39 |
| Panel B | ||||||
| IV Stage two | ||||||
| Temperature | −0.076 (0.007) | − 0.049 *** (0.019) | 0.15*** (0.009) | −0.022 *** (0.008) | 0.043 *** (0.031) | −0.112*** (0.024) |
| Constant | 8.162*** (0.222) | 3.677*** (1.046) | 7.394*** (0.82) | 9.440*** (0.404) | 12.780*** (0.742) | −12.39** (7.09) |
| Year fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Country fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Clustered SE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| R2 | 0.84 | 0.828 | 0.832 | 0.89 | 0.910 | 0.990 |
| Wald χ2 | 4,919 | 857 | 948 | 2,620 | 933 | 5,001 |
| Observation | 780 | 169 | 169 | 286 | 91 | 39 |
| Full sample | Africa | Asia | Europe | South America | Oceania | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2SLS | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
| Longitude | −0.077 | −0.145 | −0.126 | −0.039 | 0.051 (0.031) | −0.399 (0.433) |
| Latitude | −0.142 | −0.020 | −0.459 | −0.480 | 0.219 | 0.080 (0.412) |
| Constant | 6.083 | 36.644 | 23.222 | 29.081 | 24.286 | 117.26 (127.34) |
| Year fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Country fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Clustered SE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Adjusted | 0.346 | 0.507 | 0.748 | 0.639 | 0.807 | 0.99 |
| 70.84 | 50.23 | 107 | 174.08 | 147.82 | 1,064 | |
| Observation | 780 | 169 | 169 | 286 | 91 | 39 |
| Temperature | −0.076 (0.007) | − 0.049 | 0.15 | −0.022 | 0.043 | −0.112 |
| Constant | 8.162 | 3.677 | 7.394 | 9.440 | 12.780 | −12.39 |
| Year fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Country fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Clustered SE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 0.84 | 0.828 | 0.832 | 0.89 | 0.910 | 0.990 | |
| Wald | 4,919 | 857 | 948 | 2,620 | 933 | 5,001 |
| Observation | 780 | 169 | 169 | 286 | 91 | 39 |
Notes:
Regressions control for fertilizer, agriculture input imports, population and agriculture land area. Temperature is instrumented with geographical coordinates (longitude and latitude).
,
and
show that the null hypothesis of the presence of unit root is rejected at 99, 95 and 90% confidence levels, respectively. Robust standard errors are reported in parenthesis. North America was excluded from the analysis because of less number of observations; SE: standard errors
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