Table 2. Regression results of the first...

Table 2.

Regression results of the first stage of the MESR model

Variables	PCT₁SMT₀	PCT₀SMT₁	PCT₁SMT₁
Gender	−0.074 (0.074)	−0.132* (0.068)	−0.001 (0.064)
Age	0.023 (0.100)	−0.177* (0.085)	−0.055 (0.071)
Education	0.019 (0.070)	0.125* (0.072)	−0.029 (0.064)
Asset value	−0.027 (0.023)	−0.015 (0.022)	0.042** (0.019)
Household size	−0.086 (0.054)	0.042 (0.048)	0.022 (0.040)
Migrant work	0.031*** (0.009)	−0.012 (0.008)	0.006 (0.007)
Cooperative	0.261*** (0.072)	−0.003 (0.051)	0.053 (0.035)
Kiwi scale	−0.039 (0.039)	−0.049 (0.032)	0.035 (0.025)
Land fragmentation	0.010* (0.006)	−0.007 (0.006)	0.005 (0.004)
Land quality	−0.005 (0.016)	0.038** (0.016)	0.090*** (0.015)
Annual watering	−0.064*** (0.021)	0.090*** (0.023)	−0.011 (0.018)
Credit constraints	0.028* (0.015)	0.002 (0.013)	−0.027** (0.012)
Information accessibility	−0.009 (0.014)	0.031** (0.013)	0.011 (0.011)
Township distance	−0.012 (0.028)	−0.053** (0.027)	0.038 (0.025)
Technical training	−0.071*** (0.026)	−0.019 (0.021)	0.099*** (0.018)
Technical guidance	−0.011 (0.036)	0.214*** (0.026)	0.022 (0.025)
Government promotion	−0.025* (0.014)	−0.012 (0.013)	0.059*** (0.014)
The joint significance value of instrumental variables $χ^{2}$		129.220***
The joint significance value of control variables $χ^{2}$		157.640***
Wald value $χ^{2}$		268.950***
Number of samples		650

Variables	PCT₁SMT₀	PCT₀SMT₁	PCT₁SMT₁
Gender	−0.074 (0.074)	−0.132* (0.068)	−0.001 (0.064)
Age	0.023 (0.100)	−0.177* (0.085)	−0.055 (0.071)
Education	0.019 (0.070)	0.125* (0.072)	−0.029 (0.064)
Asset value	−0.027 (0.023)	−0.015 (0.022)	0.042** (0.019)
Household size	−0.086 (0.054)	0.042 (0.048)	0.022 (0.040)
Migrant work	0.031*** (0.009)	−0.012 (0.008)	0.006 (0.007)
Cooperative	0.261*** (0.072)	−0.003 (0.051)	0.053 (0.035)
Kiwi scale	−0.039 (0.039)	−0.049 (0.032)	0.035 (0.025)
Land fragmentation	0.010* (0.006)	−0.007 (0.006)	0.005 (0.004)
Land quality	−0.005 (0.016)	0.038** (0.016)	0.090*** (0.015)
Annual watering	−0.064*** (0.021)	0.090*** (0.023)	−0.011 (0.018)
Credit constraints	0.028* (0.015)	0.002 (0.013)	−0.027** (0.012)
Information accessibility	−0.009 (0.014)	0.031** (0.013)	0.011 (0.011)
Township distance	−0.012 (0.028)	−0.053** (0.027)	0.038 (0.025)
Technical training	−0.071*** (0.026)	−0.019 (0.021)	0.099*** (0.018)
Technical guidance	−0.011 (0.036)	0.214*** (0.026)	0.022 (0.025)
Government promotion	−0.025* (0.014)	−0.012 (0.013)	0.059*** (0.014)
The joint significance value of instrumental variables $χ^{2}$		129.220***
The joint significance value of control variables $χ^{2}$		157.640***
Wald value $χ^{2}$		268.950***
Number of samples		650

Notes:

*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01. Robust standard errors are in parentheses

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