Table 4.

the ATT and ATU of the Joint adoption of green production technology on the welfare

Adoption status
Adopted (j = 2, 3, 4)Not adopted (j = 1)Treatment effect
Technology adoption (j)(1)(2)(3) = (1) – (2)
Kiwi yieldPCT1SMT0(ATT)1140 (34)911 (28)230*** (19)
PCT0SMT1(ATT)1493 (50)1209 (33)284*** (38)
PCT1SMT1(ATT)2154 (93)995 (32)1159*** (92)
Kiwi incomePCT1SMT0(ATT)7567 (114)6767 (130)800*** (111)
PCT0SMT1(ATT)11786 (263)9380 (236)2405*** (218)
PCT1SMT1(ATT)15629 (408)10115 (276)5513*** (395)
Household incomePCT1SMT0(ATT)28708 (1158)25372 (683)3336*** (780)
PCT0SMT1(ATT)48185 (933)29875 (903)18310*** (856)
PCT1SMT1(ATT)53420 (2310)39711 (1312)13709*** (2010)
Kiwi yieldPCT1SMT0(ATU)1252 (24)962 (19)291*** (19)
PCT0SMT1(ATU)1045 (23)962 (19)83*** (16)
PCT1SMT1(ATU)1378 (32)962 (19)417*** (36)
Kiwi incomePCT1SMT0(ATU)7675 (71)6339 (84)1336*** (78)
PCT0SMT1(ATU)7569 (115)6339 (84)1231*** (95)
PCT1SMT1(ATU)10795 (207)6339 (84)4456*** (177)
Household incomePCT1SMT0(ATU)26099 (613)22328 (387)3771*** (534)
PCT0SMT1(ATU)46855 (652)22328 (387)24527*** (670)
PCT1SMT1(ATU)27060 (797)22328 (387)4732*** (794)

Notes:

*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01. standard errors are in parentheses. ATT and ATU indicate the average treatment effect corresponding to the joint adoption of green production technology by growers and non-adopted growers

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