Table A2 Impression management... | Emerald Publishing

Table A2

Impression management techniques

Techniques	Objective
Preventive techniques
^❶ Mild challenge	Avoid disruptions, yet maintain the appearance of challenge
^❷ Dramaturgical circumspection: Keeping close to the facts	Safeguard the show
^❸ Exercise tact	Ignore embarrassing moments; Accept excuses provided
^❹ Supportive and optimistic comments	Soften a more substantive question
^❺ Questioning (one's) own understanding	Direct the focus from the question onto the questioner
^❻ Combination questions	Soften the impact of a more substantive questions that follows
Corrective/defensive techniques
^❼ Combination answers	Prevent performance being disrupted by probing questions
^❽ Collaborative answers	Prevent the performance being disrupted by challenging questions, and discourage further questions
^❾ Close down debate	Prevent disruption of performance
^❿ Agree with the questioner	Discourage further questions and indicate questioner is offering good challenge, thus protecting the questioner's performance
Acknowledge the challenge	Dramatic realisation of expectations of challenge

Techniques	Objective
Preventive techniques
^❶ Mild challenge	Avoid disruptions, yet maintain the appearance of challenge
^❷ Dramaturgical circumspection: Keeping close to the facts	Safeguard the show
^❸ Exercise tact	Ignore embarrassing moments; Accept excuses provided
^❹ Supportive and optimistic comments	Soften a more substantive question
^❺ Questioning (one's) own understanding	Direct the focus from the question onto the questioner
^❻ Combination questions	Soften the impact of a more substantive questions that follows
Corrective/defensive techniques
^❼ Combination answers	Prevent performance being disrupted by probing questions
^❽ Collaborative answers	Prevent the performance being disrupted by challenging questions, and discourage further questions
^❾ Close down debate	Prevent disruption of performance
^❿ Agree with the questioner	Discourage further questions and indicate questioner is offering good challenge, thus protecting the questioner's performance
Acknowledge the challenge	Dramatic realisation of expectations of challenge