Variables used to assess perceptions and adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers.
| Variable | Description | Expected sign |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | 1 if male and 0 if female (Dummy) | – |
| Education | 1 if obtained a minimum of primary education, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | + |
| Marital status | 1 if married with a couple, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | ± |
| Age | age in years (Continuous) | ± |
| Farming experience | farming experience in years (Continuous) | + |
| Size of household | no of individuals in the HH (Continuous) | + |
| Occupation | 1 if farming, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | + |
| Off-farm activities | 1 if engaged in off-farm, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | – |
| Income from farm | Total income from farm activities (Continuous) | + |
| Income from non-farm | Total income from non-farm activities (Continuous) | ± |
| Size of farmland | Total farm size in hectares (Continuous) | + |
| TLU | Reference total tropical livestock units (unit less number) (Continuous) | + |
| Market access | Distance to input markets (km) (Continuous) | – |
| Farmland distance | Distance to output markets (km) (Continuous) | – |
| Credit access | 1 if accessed credit, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | + |
| Agricultural training | 1 if accessed training, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | + |
| Extension services | 1 if accessed extension, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | + |
| Variable | Description | Expected sign |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | 1 if male and 0 if female (Dummy) | – |
| Education | 1 if obtained a minimum of primary education, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | + |
| Marital status | 1 if married with a couple, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | ± |
| Age | age in years (Continuous) | ± |
| Farming experience | farming experience in years (Continuous) | + |
| Size of household | no of individuals in the HH (Continuous) | + |
| Occupation | 1 if farming, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | + |
| Off-farm activities | 1 if engaged in off-farm, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | – |
| Income from farm | Total income from farm activities (Continuous) | + |
| Income from non-farm | Total income from non-farm activities (Continuous) | ± |
| Size of farmland | Total farm size in hectares (Continuous) | + |
| TLU | Reference total tropical livestock units (unit less number) (Continuous) | + |
| Market access | Distance to input markets (km) (Continuous) | – |
| Farmland distance | Distance to output markets (km) (Continuous) | – |
| Credit access | 1 if accessed credit, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | + |
| Agricultural training | 1 if accessed training, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | + |
| Extension services | 1 if accessed extension, 0 otherwise (Dummy) | + |
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