Measurement items
| Variable | Item code | Revised items | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intention (INT) | INT1 | I intend to participate the metaverse in the future | Adapted from Uslu and Tosun (2023) |
| INT2 | I would like to visit cultural sites in virtual environment | ||
| INT3 | I intend to visit cultural sites online/virtually in the near future | ||
| Attitude (ATT) | ATT1 | I think participating in a cultural experiences in the metaverse would be enjoyable for me | Adapted from Liu and Park (2024) |
| ATT2 | I think participating in a cultural experiences in the metaverse would be beneficial for me | ||
| ATT3 | I have a positive opinion about my participation in cultural experiences in the metaverse | ||
| Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) | PBC1 | I think I would be able to enjoy cultural experiences in the metaverse | Adapted from Liu and Park (2024) |
| PBC2 | I think that taking cultural experiences in the metaverse would be entirely within my control | ||
| PBC3 | I think I have the resources, knowledge and ability to take cultural experiences in the metaverse | ||
| Subjective Norms (SN) | SN1 | My friends would think that it is good to go to the cultural sites in the metaverse | Adapted from Uslu and Tosun (2023) |
| SN2 | Most people who are important to me think I should participate in the cultural experience in the metaverse | ||
| SN3 | My family would think that is good to visit cultural sites in the metaverse | ||
| Utilitarian Value (UV) | UV1 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it has several offers | Adapted from Torres et al. (2022) |
| UV2 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it is convenient | ||
| UV3 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it is easy to use | ||
| Hedonic Value (HV) | HV1 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it makes me feel good about myself | Adapted from Torres et al. (2022) |
| HV2 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because I feel a personal connection with it | ||
| HV3 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because I feel better after using it | ||
| HV4 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it gives me pleasure to interact with historical places and artifacts | ||
| Social Value (SV) | SV1 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it shows my technological skills | Adapted from Torres et al. (2022) |
| SV2 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it is a symbol of my social status | ||
| SV3 | I value the metaverse because it helps me to fit into social groups |
| Variable | Item code | Revised items | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intention (INT) | INT1 | I intend to participate the metaverse in the future | Adapted from |
| INT2 | I would like to visit cultural sites in virtual environment | ||
| INT3 | I intend to visit cultural sites online/virtually in the near future | ||
| Attitude (ATT) | ATT1 | I think participating in a cultural experiences in the metaverse would be enjoyable for me | Adapted from |
| ATT2 | I think participating in a cultural experiences in the metaverse would be beneficial for me | ||
| ATT3 | I have a positive opinion about my participation in cultural experiences in the metaverse | ||
| Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) | PBC1 | I think I would be able to enjoy cultural experiences in the metaverse | Adapted from |
| PBC2 | I think that taking cultural experiences in the metaverse would be entirely within my control | ||
| PBC3 | I think I have the resources, knowledge and ability to take cultural experiences in the metaverse | ||
| Subjective Norms (SN) | SN1 | My friends would think that it is good to go to the cultural sites in the metaverse | Adapted from |
| SN2 | Most people who are important to me think I should participate in the cultural experience in the metaverse | ||
| SN3 | My family would think that is good to visit cultural sites in the metaverse | ||
| Utilitarian Value (UV) | UV1 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it has several offers | Adapted from |
| UV2 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it is convenient | ||
| UV3 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it is easy to use | ||
| Hedonic Value (HV) | HV1 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it makes me feel good about myself | Adapted from |
| HV2 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because I feel a personal connection with it | ||
| HV3 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because I feel better after using it | ||
| HV4 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it gives me pleasure to interact with historical places and artifacts | ||
| Social Value (SV) | SV1 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it shows my technological skills | Adapted from |
| SV2 | I value the metaverse in cultural heritage because it is a symbol of my social status | ||
| SV3 | I value the metaverse because it helps me to fit into social groups |
Source(s): Authors’ own elaboration
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