Table 6

Unit root test for invariant variable

Phillips–Perron test
VariableInterceptIntercept and trend
MSCI_RET−331.125***−331.009***
USCDS_RET−38.6836***−39.1092***
VIX_RET−300.606***−300.474***
OVX_RET−41.4702***−41.4586***

Note(s): *** indicates 1% level of significance

Source(s): Created by the authors

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