Estimated results for the short-run model
| Labor force | Work | Hours | Full-time | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | 0.0480*** (0.0168) | 0.0148 (0.0215) | −568.9 *** (143.7) | −0.1537*** (0.0261) |
| Childcare restriction | −0.0014 (0.0095) | −0.0490*** (0.0176) | −24.7 (120.8) | 0.0083 (0.0119) |
| Mother*childcare restriction | −0.1822*** (0.0210) | −0.1930*** (0.0274) | −454.3 *** (162.7) | −0.1735*** (0.0322) |
| Parents childcare | −0.0140** (0.0059) | −0.0336*** (0.0100) | −211.7 *** (79.8) | . 0027 (0.0082) |
| Mother*parents childcare | −0.1653*** (0.0124) | −0.2344*** (0.0164) | −155.8 (108.9) | −0.0742*** (0.0202) |
| Family support | 0.0067 (0.0058) | 0.0165* (0.0099) | −152.4* (87.7) | 0.01457** (0.0082) |
| Mother*family support | −0.0160 (0.0114) | −0.0310** (0.0165) | 33.9 (117.6) | −0.0012 (0.0209) |
| Working flexibility | – | – | −108.7 ** (54.8) | – |
| Mother*working flexibility | – | – | 142.2* (76.9) | – |
| Household size | −0.0148*** (0.0052) | −0.0278*** (0.0065) | 100.8 ** (44.8) | 0.0125* (0.0069) |
| Number of children | 0.0135** (0.0064) | - 0.0242*** (0.0087) | −67.3 (60.4) | −0.0155* (0.0082) |
| Mother*number of children | −0.0413*** (0.0077) | −0.0380*** (0.0094) | −36.2 (59.4) | −0.0138 (0.0111) |
| Non-working couple | −0.0033 (0.0110) | 0.0447***- (0.0151) | 105.2 (87.8) | . 0222 (0.0162) |
| Working couple | −0.0301*** (0.0093) | 0.0401*** (0.0126) | −124 0.0* (71.6) | −0.0066 (0.0148) |
| Children below 3 | 0.0063 (0.0058) | 0.0000 (0.0096) | −60.2 (67.1) | 0.0068 (0.0072) |
| Women*children below 3 | −0.0667*** (0.0118) | −0.0551*** (0.0147) | −330.9 *** (91.0) | −0.0321** (0.0175) |
| Age | 0.0223*** (0.0051) | 0.0502*** (0.0062) | 35.2 (35.7) | 0.0028 (0.0064) |
| age2 | −0.0002*** (0.0000) | −0.0005*** (0.00007) | −0.386 (4268) | 0.0000 (0.0000) |
| Spanish | 0.05099 (0.0119) | 0.0884*** (0.0146) | 72.7 (80.2) | 0.0472*** (0.0159) |
| Secondary education | 0.0630*** (0.0168) | 0.1636*** (0.0206) | 56.25 (121.7) | 0.0102 (0.0208) |
| Tertiary education | 0.1207*** (0.0170) | 0.2776*** (0.0209) | 49.0 (128.6) | 0.0057 (0.0222) |
| Post tertiary education | 0.1392*** (0.0185) | 0.2980*** (0.0232) | 144.0 (155.1) | 0.0121 (0.0263) |
| Constant | 0.4256*** (0.1097) | −0.4566*** (0.1319) | 5708.5 *** (782.3) | 0.9893*** (0.1423) |
| Number of observations | 12,168 | 12,168 | 8,579 | 8,579 |
| R-squared | 0.1419 | 0.2111 | 0.1887 | 0.1760 |
| Labor force | Work | Hours | Full-time | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | 0.0480*** (0.0168) | 0.0148 (0.0215) | −568.9 *** (143.7) | −0.1537*** (0.0261) |
| Childcare restriction | −0.0014 (0.0095) | −0.0490*** (0.0176) | −24.7 (120.8) | 0.0083 (0.0119) |
| Mother*childcare restriction | −0.1822*** (0.0210) | −0.1930*** (0.0274) | −454.3 *** (162.7) | −0.1735*** (0.0322) |
| Parents childcare | −0.0140** (0.0059) | −0.0336*** (0.0100) | −211.7 *** (79.8) | . 0027 (0.0082) |
| Mother*parents childcare | −0.1653*** (0.0124) | −0.2344*** (0.0164) | −155.8 (108.9) | −0.0742*** (0.0202) |
| Family support | 0.0067 (0.0058) | 0.0165* (0.0099) | −152.4* (87.7) | 0.01457** (0.0082) |
| Mother*family support | −0.0160 (0.0114) | −0.0310** (0.0165) | 33.9 (117.6) | −0.0012 (0.0209) |
| Working flexibility | – | – | −108.7 ** (54.8) | – |
| Mother*working flexibility | – | – | 142.2* (76.9) | – |
| Household size | −0.0148*** (0.0052) | −0.0278*** (0.0065) | 100.8 ** (44.8) | 0.0125* (0.0069) |
| Number of children | 0.0135** (0.0064) | - 0.0242*** (0.0087) | −67.3 (60.4) | −0.0155* (0.0082) |
| Mother*number of children | −0.0413*** (0.0077) | −0.0380*** (0.0094) | −36.2 (59.4) | −0.0138 (0.0111) |
| Non-working couple | −0.0033 (0.0110) | 0.0447***- (0.0151) | 105.2 (87.8) | . 0222 (0.0162) |
| Working couple | −0.0301*** (0.0093) | 0.0401*** (0.0126) | −124 0.0* (71.6) | −0.0066 (0.0148) |
| Children below 3 | 0.0063 (0.0058) | 0.0000 (0.0096) | −60.2 (67.1) | 0.0068 (0.0072) |
| Women*children below 3 | −0.0667*** (0.0118) | −0.0551*** (0.0147) | −330.9 *** (91.0) | −0.0321** (0.0175) |
| 0.0223*** (0.0051) | 0.0502*** (0.0062) | 35.2 (35.7) | 0.0028 (0.0064) | |
| −0.0002*** (0.0000) | −0.0005*** (0.00007) | −0.386 (4268) | 0.0000 (0.0000) | |
| Spanish | 0.05099 (0.0119) | 0.0884*** (0.0146) | 72.7 (80.2) | 0.0472*** (0.0159) |
| Secondary education | 0.0630*** (0.0168) | 0.1636*** (0.0206) | 56.25 (121.7) | 0.0102 (0.0208) |
| Tertiary education | 0.1207*** (0.0170) | 0.2776*** (0.0209) | 49.0 (128.6) | 0.0057 (0.0222) |
| Post tertiary education | 0.1392*** (0.0185) | 0.2980*** (0.0232) | 144.0 (155.1) | 0.0121 (0.0263) |
| Constant | 0.4256*** (0.1097) | −0.4566*** (0.1319) | 5708.5 *** (782.3) | 0.9893*** (0.1423) |
| Number of observations | 12,168 | 12,168 | 8,579 | 8,579 |
| R-squared | 0.1419 | 0.2111 | 0.1887 | 0.1760 |
We estimate OLS regressions using equations (1) and (2). Robust standard errors are in parentheses. All regressions control for regional (province) fixed effects and *, **, ***measures statistical significance at 10, 5 and 1 % levels, respectively. Hours and full-time also control for occupation (9 categories), economic activities (agriculture, industry, and services), and professional situation (5 categories)
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