Table 5 ANCOVA showing differences in... | Emerald Publishing

Table 5

ANCOVA showing differences in the level of familiarity with the concept of gamification in library services among library patrons and professionals based on their academic levels

Source	Type III sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	Sig.
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Corrected Model	8.534	2	4.267	4.148	0.017
Intercept	314.255	1	314.255	305.451	0.000
Academic Level	8.534	2	4.267	4.148	0.017
Error	195.476	190	1.029
Total	1118.000	193
Corrected Total	204.010	192
Note(s): R Squared = 0.042 (Adjusted R Squared = 0.032)

Source	Type III sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	Sig.
Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
Corrected Model	8.534	2	4.267	4.148	0.017
Intercept	314.255	1	314.255	305.451	0.000
Academic Level	8.534	2	4.267	4.148	0.017
Error	195.476	190	1.029
Total	1118.000	193
Corrected Total	204.010	192
Note(s): R Squared = 0.042 (Adjusted R Squared = 0.032)

Multiple comparisons
(I) Academic level	(J) Academic level	Mean difference (I-J)	Std. error	Sig.	F
Undergraduates	Graduate student	−0.6548*	0.26538	0.014	4.148
Undergraduates	PhD Students	−0.5714	0.34704	0.101
Graduate students	Undergraduates	0.6548*	0.26538	0.014	4.148
Graduate students	PhD Students	0.0833	0.42263	0.844
PhD Students	Undergraduates	0.5714	0.34704	0.101
PhD Students	Graduate student	−0.0833	0.42263	0.844

Multiple comparisons
(I) Academic level	(J) Academic level	Mean difference (I-J)	Std. error	Sig.	F
Undergraduates	Graduate student	−0.6548*	0.26538	0.014	4.148
Undergraduates	PhD Students	−0.5714	0.34704	0.101
Graduate students	Undergraduates	0.6548*	0.26538	0.014	4.148
Graduate students	PhD Students	0.0833	0.42263	0.844
PhD Students	Undergraduates	0.5714	0.34704	0.101
PhD Students	Graduate student	−0.0833	0.42263	0.844

Source(s): Durodolu et al. (2020)