Table 5 The effect of imports from...

Table 5

The effect of imports from countries with medium-IPRP on GVC participation

Dependent variable: 3rd country exports (T_EXP_ijt)	High IPRP	Medium IPRP	Low IPRP
log(IMP_ijt)_M	0.002 (0.001)	0.002 (0.002)	0.005^* (0.003)
log((TRADE_ijt)/GDP_jt)_M	0.022^*** (0.002)	0.022^*** (0.003)	0.029^*** (0.005)
log(POP_it)_M	0.947^*** (0.073)	2.035^*** (0.074)	0.161 (0.155)
Constant	1.244 (1.096)	15.193^*** (1.117)	11.011^*** (2.329)
Observations	8,658	8,658	8,658

Dependent variable: 3rd country exports (T_EXP_ijt)	High IPRP	Medium IPRP	Low IPRP
log(IMP_ijt)_M	0.002 (0.001)	0.002 (0.002)	0.005^* (0.003)
log((TRADE_ijt)/GDP_jt)_M	0.022^*** (0.002)	0.022^*** (0.003)	0.029^*** (0.005)
log(POP_it)_M	0.947^*** (0.073)	2.035^*** (0.074)	0.161 (0.155)
Constant	1.244 (1.096)	15.193^*** (1.117)	11.011^*** (2.329)
Observations	8,658	8,658	8,658

Note(s): ^aStandard error in parentheses

^bAs a dependent variable, 3rd country exports mean exports to partner countries classified by their level of IPR protection, and independent variables related to partner countries are limited to medium IPR protection countries

^cThe model considers all region, country, and year fixed effects

^d ^*p < 0.1; ^**p 0.05; ^***p < 0.01

Source(s): The authors

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