Measurement model
| Constructs | Outer loadings |
|---|---|
| COVID-19 anxiety (ANX) Adapted from Lee et al. (2020) CR = 0.92; ρA = 0.96; AVE = 0.72 I felt dizzy, lightheaded or faint, when I read or listened to news about the coronavirus I had trouble falling or staying asleep because I was thinking about the coronavirus I felt paralyzed or frozen when I thought about or was exposed to information about the coronavirus I lost interest in eating when I thought about or was exposed to information about the coronavirus I felt nauseous or had stomach problems when I thought about or was exposed to information about the coronavirus | 0.697 0.923 0.738 0.955 0.914 |
| Loneliness (Lon) Adapted from Russell (1996) CR = 0.96; ρA = 0.97; AVE = 0.66 I feel like no one really understands me I wait for people to call or write to me There is no one I can turn to I am no longer close to anyone My interests and ideas are not shared by those around me I feel left out I feel completely alone I am unable to reach out and communicate with those around me My social relationships are superficial I feel hungry for company No one knows me really well I feel isolated from others I am unhappy to be so withdrawn It's hard for me to make friends People are around me but not with me | 0.641 0.842 0.643 0.877 0.842 0.848 0.825 0.746 0.812 0.909 0.762 0.893 0.852 0.890 0.776 |
| Attitude toward TikTok (ATT) Adapted from Ellisson et al. (2007) CR = 0.93; ρA = 0.93; AVE = 0.83 TikTok is part of my everyday activity I am proud to tell people I’m on TikTok TikTok has become part of my daily routine I feel out of touch when I haven’t logged onto TikTok for a while | 0.928 0.902 0.955 0.867 |
| Cyberaddiction to TikTok (CYB) Adapted from Andreassen et al. (2014) CR = 0.92; ρA = 0.92; AVE = 0.72 I spent a lot of time thinking about TikTok or planned use of social media I felt an urge to use TikTok more and more I used TikTok to forget about personal problems I tried to cut down on the use of TikTok without success I become restless or troubled if you have been prohibited from using TikTok I used TikTok so much that it has had a negative impact on your job/studies | 0.761 0.868 0.853 0.812 0.902 0.904 |
| FOMO Adapted from Przybylski et al. (2013) CR = 0.92; ρA = 0.95; AVE = 0.55 I fear others have more rewarding experiences than me I fear my friends have more rewarding experiences than me I get worried when I find out my friends are having fun without me I get anxious when I don’t know what my friends are up to It is important that I understand my friends “in jokes” Sometimes, I wonder if I spend too much time keeping up with what is going on It bothers me when I miss an opportunity to meet up with friends When I have a good time, it is important for me to share the details online When I miss out on a planned get-together it bothers me When I go on vacation, I continue to keep tabs on what my friends are doing | 0.711 0.781 0.806 0.717 0.792 0.732 0.787 0.859 0.656 0.683 |
| Attitude toward the brand (AB) Adapted from Chattopadhyay and Basu (1990) CR = 0.96; ρA = 0.96; AVE = 0.92 Brands promoted on TikTok are good I like brands promoted on TikTok Brands promoted on TikTok are nice | 0.964 0.950 0.973 |
| Purchase intention (PI) Adapted from Moon and Kim (2001) CR = 0.91; ρA = 0.93; AVE = 0.79 I will probably buy a product on TikTok soon I intend to use the TikTok to buy a product soon It is likely that I will shop on TikTok soon TikTok will probably be the medium I use to do my shopping in the future | 0.828 0.941 0.874 0.926 |
| Constructs | Outer loadings |
|---|---|
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