Table 1

Research questions regarding service ecosystems evolution

ThemeMicro-levelMeso-levelMacro-levelContribution
Institutional dissonanceHow do individual actors interpret, navigate, and respond to institutional dissonance in their value cocreation activities?How do communities of practice mediate conflicting institutional logics to support or resist systemic change?How do broader institutional shifts and global regulatory changes create systemic dissonance that alters service ecosystem configurations?Explores how institutional dissonance disrupts stability across levels, triggering adaptive processes that drive service ecosystem evolution
Service ecosystem adaptationHow do market actors adjust their roles and resource integration practices in response to ecosystem changes?How do intermediaries orchestrate resource integration and foster adaptive capabilities in service ecosystems?How do external shocks catalyze large-scale adaptation and transformation across interconnected ecosystems?Reveals how adaptation unfolds recursively across levels, shaping service ecosystem evolution
Role of technology in ecosystem evolutionHow do individuals’ perceptions of technology influence their participation in value cocreation?How do professional associations facilitate the diffusion, legitimation, and stabilization of new technology-related practices?How do technological megatrends restructure service ecosystems and influence global value creation systems?Uncovers how technology and service ecosystems co-evolve, reshaping structures, roles, and interactions across levels
Practice innovationHow do individuals experiment with and adapt service practices to address emerging challenges and co-create value?How do organizational networks enable or constrain the diffusion and institutionalization of practice innovations?How do institutional arrangements shape the convergence or divergence of innovative service practices across ecosystems?Examines how practice innovations emerge, diffuse, and stabilize within and across service ecosystems, influencing systemic evolution
Relationship reconfigurationHow do human–technology relationships influence individual experiences and engagement within service ecosystems?How do organizations and networks reconfigure inter-actor relationships to enhance value cocreation within evolving service ecosystems?How do wider human-technology relationship shifts, reconfigure service ecosystems at the macro-level?Explores how shifting relationship dynamics across human and non-human actors reshape structures and processes at multiple levels in service ecosystems

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