Table 1 Data categories and themes... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Data categories and themes

	Beneficial	Challenging
Tension	• No right or wrong answer • Open-endedness – freedom • Could not predict learning • Non-competitive class in competitive program	• Ambiguity regarding grades • “Floaters” in group work • Assumptions versus reality • Time constraints for deep exploration • Open-endedness – confusion • Could not predict learning • Course outline did not reflect reality • Non-competitive class in competitive program
Evidence	• Learned to identify bias • Skill to distinguish types of evidence • Multiple perspectives • Gathering/visualizing evidence • Presenting/substantiating evidence • Can support arguments • Building research habits • Asking questions • Leads to solutions	• Determining what is relevant
Collaboration	• Close relationships • Learning reflected different ways in a group • Interconnected • Cohesive • Constructive • Interdisciplinary • Fostered teamwork skills	• Dominant leaders take over • Absent group members • Inequities amongst group members • Group work difficult for introverts
Affective Responses	• Fun, enjoyable • Surprised myself • Pride in the work • Gratification • Accomplishment • Increased confidence • Invoked curiosity • Passion in learning	• Frightening at times • Daunting • Rushed • Ambiguity was stressful • Overwhelming • Confusion • Annoyed
Process	• Learning to come up with ideas (brainstorming) • Strong engagement in process • Finding a variety of solutions • Immersive • Skill development • Opportunity to discover things • Guiding own learning • Innovative thinking • Learned about leadership • Inquiry mindset	• “Good” seen as good grade • Procrastination • Had to back-track • Confusion in process • Inquiry mindset
Reflection	• Eye-opening • Learned about self • Personal development • Impacted my identity • Reflection as evidence of learning • Reflection led to better understanding	• Reflection is hard • Not sure how reflection “counted” • You can take information how you want to • Too much reflection
Learning	• Learning translated into reality/application • Control over my learning • Broadened perspectives • Transferrable skills • Different leadership styles and skills • Importance of communication adjustments • Research skills/finding evidence • Importance of context • 24/7 learning, in and out of classroom • Non-traditional, non-linear • Interactive • Learning from mistakes • Not memorization	• Difficult • 24/7 learning, in and out of classroom • Non-traditional, non-linear • Interactive • Learning from mistakes • Not memorization

	Beneficial	Challenging
Tension	• No right or wrong answer • Open-endedness – freedom • Could not predict learning • Non-competitive class in competitive program	• Ambiguity regarding grades • “Floaters” in group work • Assumptions versus reality • Time constraints for deep exploration • Open-endedness – confusion • Could not predict learning • Course outline did not reflect reality • Non-competitive class in competitive program
Evidence	• Learned to identify bias • Skill to distinguish types of evidence • Multiple perspectives • Gathering/visualizing evidence • Presenting/substantiating evidence • Can support arguments • Building research habits • Asking questions • Leads to solutions	• Determining what is relevant
Collaboration	• Close relationships • Learning reflected different ways in a group • Interconnected • Cohesive • Constructive • Interdisciplinary • Fostered teamwork skills	• Dominant leaders take over • Absent group members • Inequities amongst group members • Group work difficult for introverts
Affective Responses	• Fun, enjoyable • Surprised myself • Pride in the work • Gratification • Accomplishment • Increased confidence • Invoked curiosity • Passion in learning	• Frightening at times • Daunting • Rushed • Ambiguity was stressful • Overwhelming • Confusion • Annoyed
Process	• Learning to come up with ideas (brainstorming) • Strong engagement in process • Finding a variety of solutions • Immersive • Skill development • Opportunity to discover things • Guiding own learning • Innovative thinking • Learned about leadership • Inquiry mindset	• “Good” seen as good grade • Procrastination • Had to back-track • Confusion in process • Inquiry mindset
Reflection	• Eye-opening • Learned about self • Personal development • Impacted my identity • Reflection as evidence of learning • Reflection led to better understanding	• Reflection is hard • Not sure how reflection “counted” • You can take information how you want to • Too much reflection
Learning	• Learning translated into reality/application • Control over my learning • Broadened perspectives • Transferrable skills • Different leadership styles and skills • Importance of communication adjustments • Research skills/finding evidence • Importance of context • 24/7 learning, in and out of classroom • Non-traditional, non-linear • Interactive • Learning from mistakes • Not memorization	• Difficult • 24/7 learning, in and out of classroom • Non-traditional, non-linear • Interactive • Learning from mistakes • Not memorization

Source(s): Credit by authors