Table 1 Sample selection procedure... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Sample selection procedure

Selection process	Observations
Total observations produced from 1998 to 2021	56,478
Drop: observations produced from 1998 to 2000	(3,134)
	53,344
Drop: observations with missing data on Chair and CEO age (7,986), gender (3,597), tenure (N = 152), Tobin’s Q (N = 1,566), board meeting (N = 36), sales (N = 413) and R&D expenses (N = 741)	(14,491)
	38,853
Drop: missing industry code & SIC codes between J66-J69 (financial institutes)	(1,653)
Total sample (2001 to 2021)	37,200

Selection process	Observations
Total observations produced from 1998 to 2021	56,478
Drop: observations produced from 1998 to 2000	(3,134)
	53,344
Drop: observations with missing data on Chair and CEO age (7,986), gender (3,597), tenure (N = 152), Tobin’s Q (N = 1,566), board meeting (N = 36), sales (N = 413) and R&D expenses (N = 741)	(14,491)
	38,853
Drop: missing industry code & SIC codes between J66-J69 (financial institutes)	(1,653)
Total sample (2001 to 2021)	37,200

Source(s): Authors’ own calculation