Table 12

Regression results of mediation tests (mediation effects)

Panel-A - the Baron and Kenny’s (1986) causal step regression results (Tobin’s Q)
Variables(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
TOBINQLNBMEETTOBINQTOBINQLNBMEETTOBINQ
GAPS−0.003***−0.001***−0.003***   
(−3.854)(−5.406)(−3.687)   
LNBMEET  0.104***  0.104***
  (4.257)  (4.231)
GAPU   −0.005***−0.001***−0.005***
   (−4.202)(−4.837)(−4.093)
ControlsYesYesYesYesYesYes
Constant16.754***0.684***16.683***16.766***0.693***16.694***
(22.757)(9.176)(22.806)(22.702)(9.329)(22.758)
IndustryYesYesYesYesYesYes
YearYesYesYesYesYesYes
Observations37,20037,20037,20037,20037,20037,200
Adjusted-R20.41640.21010.41680.41650.21000.4169
Panel-B - bootstrap approach results (mediation effects)
TOBINQMKTBK
(1)(2)(3)(4)
GAPSGAPUGAPSGAPU
Direct effect−0.002943−0.005009−0.000031−0.000058
Indirect effect−0.000133−0.000149−0.000003−0.000004
Total effect−0.003076−0.005158−0.000034−0.000062
Indirect/total0.0431730.0289430.0946870.058289
Indirect/direct0.0451210.0298060.1045900.061897
Total/direct1.0451211.0298061.1045901.061897
LNBMEETYesYesYesYes
ControlsYesYesYesYes
IndustryYesYesYesYes
YearYesYesYesYes
Observations37,20037,20037,20037,200

Note(s): Table 12 Panel A reports the Mediation effects Test (Baron and Kenny’s (1986) causal step regression results (GAPS, GAPU, Tobin’s Q & LNBMEET)). Panel B reports the Mediation effects Test using Bootstrap approach. t-statistics are in parentheses. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. Robust t-statistics (in parentheses) are based on standard errors clustered by industry and year. All the variables are defined in  Appendix

Source(s): Authors’ own calculation

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal