Variables’ description
| Variable | Variable type | Dummy | Measurement | N | MNL value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Independent | 1 | Below 18 years | 8 | 1.90% |
| 2 | 18–25 years | 46 | 10.70% | ||
| 3 | 26–35 years | 114 | 26.60% | ||
| 4 | 36–45 years | 113 | 26.40% | ||
| 5 | 46–60 years | 106 | 24.80% | ||
| 6 | 61 years or above | 41 | 9.60% | ||
| Gender | Independent | 1 | Male | 350 | 81.80% |
| 2 | Female | 78 | 18.20% | ||
| Level of education | Independent | 1 | Primary | 169 | 39.50% |
| 2 | SSC or equivalent | 45 | 10.50% | ||
| 3 | HSC or equivalent | 7 | 1.60% | ||
| 4 | Graduate or equivalent | 2 | 0.50% | ||
| 5 | Post-graduate | 3 | 0.70% | ||
| 6 | No institutional education | 202 | 47.20% | ||
| Employment status | Independent | 1 | Self-employed | 30 | 7.00% |
| 2 | Businessman | 24 | 5.60% | ||
| 3 | Government employee | 3 | 0.70% | ||
| 4 | Non-government employee | 10 | 2.30% | ||
| 5 | Farmer | 245 | 57.20% | ||
| 6 | Day laborer | 61 | 14.30% | ||
| 7 | Housewife | 55 | 12.90% | ||
| Income per month | Independent | 1 | Below 1000 Taka | 120 | 28.00% |
| 2 | 1000–4999 Taka | 152 | 35.50% | ||
| 3 | 5000–9999 Taka | 122 | 28.50% | ||
| 4 | 10000–14999 Taka | 22 | 5.10% | ||
| 5 | 15000–19999 Taka | 9 | 2.10% | ||
| 6 | 20000 Taka or above | 3 | 0.70% | ||
| Income instability | Independent | 1 | Increased | 3 | 0.70% |
| 2 | Decreased | 407 | 95.10% | ||
| 3 | Not changed | 18 | 4.20% | ||
| Shrinking work opportunity | Independent | 0 | No | 42 | 9.80% |
| 1 | Yes | 386 | 90.20% | ||
| Number of dependents in family | Independent | 1 | 0–2 | 46 | 10.70% |
| 2 | 3–5 | 282 | 65.90% | ||
| 3 | 6 or above | 100 | 23.40% | ||
| Other’s financial contribution in family | Independent | 0 | No | 217 | 50.70% |
| 1 | Yes | 211 | 49.30% | ||
| Savings | Independent | 0 | No | 348 | 81.30% |
| 1 | Yes | 80 | 18.70% | ||
| Comparison of household expense to pre-pandemic expense | Independent | 1 | Higher now | 180 | 42.10% |
| 2 | Lower now | 207 | 48.40% | ||
| 3 | Not much change | 41 | 9.60% | ||
| Major sources of expenditure | Independent | 1 | Buying food | 329 | 76.90% |
| 2 | Treatment | 27 | 6.30% | ||
| 3 | Education | 65 | 15.20% | ||
| 1 | Other | 7 | 1.60% | ||
| Perception of COVID-19 | Dependent (BNL) | 0 | No | ||
| 1 | Yes | ||||
| Adaptive strategies | Dependent (MNL) | 1 | No adaptive strategy | 59 | 13.80% |
| 2 | Sell personal property + Take loan from for formal source + Take loan from for informal source | 17 | 4.00% | ||
| 3 | Change consumption habit + Sell personal property + Change earning method | 71 | 16.60% | ||
| 4 | Change consumption habit + Sell personal property + Take loan from for informal source | 26 | 6.10% | ||
| 5 | Change consumption habit + Take loan from for formal source + Take loan from for informal source | 25 | 5.80% | ||
| 6 | Change consumption habit + Sell personal property + Get relief | 33 | 7.70% | ||
| 7 | Change consumption habit + Financial support from government + Get relief | 23 | 5.40% | ||
| 8 | Spend savings + Take loan from for formal source + Take loan from for informal source | 20 | 4.70% | ||
| 9 | Change consumption habit + Sell personal property + Take loan from for formal source + Take loan from for informal source | 35 | 8.20% | ||
| 10 | Change consumption habit + Change earning method + Take loan from for informal source + Take advance money on crops | 11 | 2.60% | ||
| 11 | Change consumption habit + Sell personal property + Mortgage property + Change earning method | 23 | 5.40% | ||
| 12 | Change consumption habit + Sell personal property + Financial support from government + Mortgage property | 4 | 0.90% | ||
| 13 | Others (different single or double strategies) | 81 | 18.90% |
| Variable | Variable type | Dummy | Measurement | MNL value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Independent | 1 | Below 18 years | 8 | 1.90% |
| 2 | 18–25 years | 46 | 10.70% | ||
| 3 | 26–35 years | 114 | 26.60% | ||
| 4 | 36–45 years | 113 | 26.40% | ||
| 5 | 46–60 years | 106 | 24.80% | ||
| 6 | 61 years or above | 41 | 9.60% | ||
| Gender | Independent | 1 | Male | 350 | 81.80% |
| 2 | Female | 78 | 18.20% | ||
| Level of education | Independent | 1 | Primary | 169 | 39.50% |
| 2 | SSC or equivalent | 45 | 10.50% | ||
| 3 | HSC or equivalent | 7 | 1.60% | ||
| 4 | Graduate or equivalent | 2 | 0.50% | ||
| 5 | Post-graduate | 3 | 0.70% | ||
| 6 | No institutional education | 202 | 47.20% | ||
| Employment status | Independent | 1 | Self-employed | 30 | 7.00% |
| 2 | Businessman | 24 | 5.60% | ||
| 3 | Government employee | 3 | 0.70% | ||
| 4 | Non-government employee | 10 | 2.30% | ||
| 5 | Farmer | 245 | 57.20% | ||
| 6 | Day laborer | 61 | 14.30% | ||
| 7 | Housewife | 55 | 12.90% | ||
| Income per month | Independent | 1 | Below 1000 Taka | 120 | 28.00% |
| 2 | 1000–4999 Taka | 152 | 35.50% | ||
| 3 | 5000–9999 Taka | 122 | 28.50% | ||
| 4 | 10000–14999 Taka | 22 | 5.10% | ||
| 5 | 15000–19999 Taka | 9 | 2.10% | ||
| 6 | 20000 Taka or above | 3 | 0.70% | ||
| Income instability | Independent | 1 | Increased | 3 | 0.70% |
| 2 | Decreased | 407 | 95.10% | ||
| 3 | Not changed | 18 | 4.20% | ||
| Shrinking work opportunity | Independent | 0 | No | 42 | 9.80% |
| 1 | Yes | 386 | 90.20% | ||
| Number of dependents in family | Independent | 1 | 0–2 | 46 | 10.70% |
| 2 | 3–5 | 282 | 65.90% | ||
| 3 | 6 or above | 100 | 23.40% | ||
| Other’s financial contribution in family | Independent | 0 | No | 217 | 50.70% |
| 1 | Yes | 211 | 49.30% | ||
| Savings | Independent | 0 | No | 348 | 81.30% |
| 1 | Yes | 80 | 18.70% | ||
| Comparison of household expense to pre-pandemic expense | Independent | 1 | Higher now | 180 | 42.10% |
| 2 | Lower now | 207 | 48.40% | ||
| 3 | Not much change | 41 | 9.60% | ||
| Major sources of expenditure | Independent | 1 | Buying food | 329 | 76.90% |
| 2 | Treatment | 27 | 6.30% | ||
| 3 | Education | 65 | 15.20% | ||
| 1 | Other | 7 | 1.60% | ||
| Perception of COVID-19 | Dependent (BNL) | 0 | No | ||
| 1 | Yes | ||||
| Adaptive strategies | Dependent (MNL) | 1 | No adaptive strategy | 59 | 13.80% |
| 2 | Sell personal property + Take loan from for formal source + Take loan from for informal source | 17 | 4.00% | ||
| 3 | Change consumption habit + Sell personal property + Change earning method | 71 | 16.60% | ||
| 4 | Change consumption habit + Sell personal property + Take loan from for informal source | 26 | 6.10% | ||
| 5 | Change consumption habit + Take loan from for formal source + Take loan from for informal source | 25 | 5.80% | ||
| 6 | Change consumption habit + Sell personal property + Get relief | 33 | 7.70% | ||
| 7 | Change consumption habit + Financial support from government + Get relief | 23 | 5.40% | ||
| 8 | Spend savings + Take loan from for formal source + Take loan from for informal source | 20 | 4.70% | ||
| 9 | Change consumption habit + Sell personal property + Take loan from for formal source + Take loan from for informal source | 35 | 8.20% | ||
| 10 | Change consumption habit + Change earning method + Take loan from for informal source + Take advance money on crops | 11 | 2.60% | ||
| 11 | Change consumption habit + Sell personal property + Mortgage property + Change earning method | 23 | 5.40% | ||
| 12 | Change consumption habit + Sell personal property + Financial support from government + Mortgage property | 4 | 0.90% | ||
| 13 | Others (different single or double strategies) | 81 | 18.90% |
Source(s): Authors’ own work
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