Table A2. Distribution of ESG...

Table A2.

Distribution of ESG Controversies

Part A. Number of ESG controversies by type and geographical region
	ESG controversies
Geographical region	Environmental pillar (E)	Social pillar (S)	Governance pillar (G)	Total
North America	554	14,286	2,006	16,846
Europe	439	8,765	769	9,973
Asia-Pacific	250	4,894	397	5,541
Africa	6	391	41	438
Central/South America	85	534	51	670
Middle East	2	83	3	88

Developed markets	1,121	25,913	3,055	30,089
Emerging markets	215	3,040	212	3,467
Total	1,336	28,953	3,267	33,556

Part A. Number of ESG controversies by type and geographical region
	ESG controversies
Geographical region	Environmental pillar (E)	Social pillar (S)	Governance pillar (G)	Total
North America	554	14,286	2,006	16,846
Europe	439	8,765	769	9,973
Asia-Pacific	250	4,894	397	5,541
Africa	6	391	41	438
Central/South America	85	534	51	670
Middle East	2	83	3	88

Developed markets	1,121	25,913	3,055	30,089
Emerging markets	215	3,040	212	3,467
Total	1,336	28,953	3,267	33,556

Part B. Number of ESG controversies by type and industry classification
	ESG controversies
TRBC economic sector classification	Environmental pillar (E)	Social pillar (S)	Governance pillar (G)	Total
Technology	48	5,462	557	6,067
Consumer cyclicals	237	4,671	414	5,322
Financials	19	4,451	642	5,112
Industrials	45	3,402	295	3,742
Healthcare	75	2,996	649	3,720
Consumer Non-Cyclicals	61	3,259	246	3,566
Basic materials	324	1,976	146	2,446
Energy	377	1,619	171	2,167
Utilities	148	864	60	1,072
Real estate	2	133	52	187
Other	0	120	35	155
Total	1,336	28,953	3,267	33,556

Part B. Number of ESG controversies by type and industry classification
	ESG controversies
TRBC economic sector classification	Environmental pillar (E)	Social pillar (S)	Governance pillar (G)	Total
Technology	48	5,462	557	6,067
Consumer cyclicals	237	4,671	414	5,322
Financials	19	4,451	642	5,112
Industrials	45	3,402	295	3,742
Healthcare	75	2,996	649	3,720
Consumer Non-Cyclicals	61	3,259	246	3,566
Basic materials	324	1,976	146	2,446
Energy	377	1,619	171	2,167
Utilities	148	864	60	1,072
Real estate	2	133	52	187
Other	0	120	35	155
Total	1,336	28,953	3,267	33,556

Part C. Distribution of ESG controversies by type, category and year
Controversy type	Category	Pillar	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	Total
Environmental	Resource use	(E) environmental	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	68	33	10	36	52	60	245	97	134	205	223	165	1,336
Anti-Competition	Comunity	(S) social	52	54	72	76	107	105	171	193	268	223	212	292	367	182	502	479	494	702	648	577	5,776
Business ethics	Comunity	(S) social	46	45	85	115	168	90	224	322	467	409	313	462	407	186	580	623	528	525	287	163	6,045
Intellectual property	Comunity	(S) social	63	62	86	74	84	82	204	244	382	182	111	92	60	12	40	71	118	150	113	84	2,314
Critical countries	Comunity	(S) social	0	1	4	3	3	19	40	22	38	4	4	6	6	5	4	2	8	12	11	36	228
Public health	Comunity	(S) social	14	22	16	34	52	34	56	26	73	57	48	79	51	17	35	16	32	55	33	43	793
Tax fraud	Comunity	(S) social	8	9	19	26	18	15	12	36	40	39	23	51	24	30	37	38	112	166	108	63	874
Child labor	Human rights	(S) social	0	1	3	1	9	14	8	6	14	11	9	6	12	5	1	0	2	3	2	6	113
Human rights	Human rights	(S) social	11	12	24	20	32	26	45	39	50	22	12	26	19	5	8	3	10	6	19	21	410
Consumer complaints	Product responsability	(S) social	32	29	41	55	52	53	131	99	172	129	89	102	162	69	77	77	155	138	176	167	2,005
Customer health and safety	Product responsability	(S) social	13	13	21	40	52	62	89	120	172	133	92	139	192	59	246	173	104	188	96	203	2,207
Privacy	Product responsability	(S) social	3	3	7	9	17	20	20	26	33	64	50	56	99	57	114	149	252	244	153	185	1,561
Product access	Product responsability	(S) social	4	3	2	3	0	3	2	3	12	8	8	15	23	9	3	2	6	13	2	9	130
Responsible marketing	Product responsability	(S) social	8	4	8	11	15	13	72	92	180	185	177	190	190	35	29	44	102	112	86	65	1,618
Responsible R&D	Product responsability	(S) social	0	1	0	1	0	2	7	7	9	9	11	6	5	2	2	2	5	2	0	1	72
Diversity and opportunity	Workforce	(S) social	22	23	25	49	42	69	77	74	81	78	85	65	63	45	29	55	70	66	37	54	1,109
Employees health and safety	Workforce	(S) social	26	22	29	39	68	40	110	105	208	190	156	157	169	37	48	19	51	35	93	57	1,659
Wages working condition	Workforce	(S) social	0	0	0	0	13	21	77	137	236	195	162	195	180	109	114	106	88	162	145	99	2,039
Management compensation	Management	(G) corporate governance	22	32	23	23	56	18	17	42	33	27	20	18	22	7	14	14	14	36	16	18	472
Accounting	Shareholders	(G) corporate governance	21	12	20	22	28	38	41	52	17	17	7	15	17	11	16	16	42	57	45	26	520
Insider dealings	Shareholders	(G) corporate governance	28	28	24	30	38	34	15	21	20	18	22	26	17	12	19	13	28	14	17	17	441
Shareholder rights	Shareholders	(G) corporate governance	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	27	103	110	87	101	67	52	34	27	109	180	196	740	1,834
			373	376	509	631	854	759	1,418	1,701	2,676	2,143	1,708	2,135	2,204	1,006	2,197	2,026	2,464	3,071	2,506	2,799	33,556

Part C. Distribution of ESG controversies by type, category and year
Controversy type	Category	Pillar	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	Total
Environmental	Resource use	(E) environmental	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	68	33	10	36	52	60	245	97	134	205	223	165	1,336
Anti-Competition	Comunity	(S) social	52	54	72	76	107	105	171	193	268	223	212	292	367	182	502	479	494	702	648	577	5,776
Business ethics	Comunity	(S) social	46	45	85	115	168	90	224	322	467	409	313	462	407	186	580	623	528	525	287	163	6,045
Intellectual property	Comunity	(S) social	63	62	86	74	84	82	204	244	382	182	111	92	60	12	40	71	118	150	113	84	2,314
Critical countries	Comunity	(S) social	0	1	4	3	3	19	40	22	38	4	4	6	6	5	4	2	8	12	11	36	228
Public health	Comunity	(S) social	14	22	16	34	52	34	56	26	73	57	48	79	51	17	35	16	32	55	33	43	793
Tax fraud	Comunity	(S) social	8	9	19	26	18	15	12	36	40	39	23	51	24	30	37	38	112	166	108	63	874
Child labor	Human rights	(S) social	0	1	3	1	9	14	8	6	14	11	9	6	12	5	1	0	2	3	2	6	113
Human rights	Human rights	(S) social	11	12	24	20	32	26	45	39	50	22	12	26	19	5	8	3	10	6	19	21	410
Consumer complaints	Product responsability	(S) social	32	29	41	55	52	53	131	99	172	129	89	102	162	69	77	77	155	138	176	167	2,005
Customer health and safety	Product responsability	(S) social	13	13	21	40	52	62	89	120	172	133	92	139	192	59	246	173	104	188	96	203	2,207
Privacy	Product responsability	(S) social	3	3	7	9	17	20	20	26	33	64	50	56	99	57	114	149	252	244	153	185	1,561
Product access	Product responsability	(S) social	4	3	2	3	0	3	2	3	12	8	8	15	23	9	3	2	6	13	2	9	130
Responsible marketing	Product responsability	(S) social	8	4	8	11	15	13	72	92	180	185	177	190	190	35	29	44	102	112	86	65	1,618
Responsible R&D	Product responsability	(S) social	0	1	0	1	0	2	7	7	9	9	11	6	5	2	2	2	5	2	0	1	72
Diversity and opportunity	Workforce	(S) social	22	23	25	49	42	69	77	74	81	78	85	65	63	45	29	55	70	66	37	54	1,109
Employees health and safety	Workforce	(S) social	26	22	29	39	68	40	110	105	208	190	156	157	169	37	48	19	51	35	93	57	1,659
Wages working condition	Workforce	(S) social	0	0	0	0	13	21	77	137	236	195	162	195	180	109	114	106	88	162	145	99	2,039
Management compensation	Management	(G) corporate governance	22	32	23	23	56	18	17	42	33	27	20	18	22	7	14	14	14	36	16	18	472
Accounting	Shareholders	(G) corporate governance	21	12	20	22	28	38	41	52	17	17	7	15	17	11	16	16	42	57	45	26	520
Insider dealings	Shareholders	(G) corporate governance	28	28	24	30	38	34	15	21	20	18	22	26	17	12	19	13	28	14	17	17	441
Shareholder rights	Shareholders	(G) corporate governance	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	27	103	110	87	101	67	52	34	27	109	180	196	740	1,834
			373	376	509	631	854	759	1,418	1,701	2,676	2,143	1,708	2,135	2,204	1,006	2,197	2,026	2,464	3,071	2,506	2,799	33,556

Source(s): Authors’ own work based on Refinitiv Business Classification (TRBC)

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