Table 1 Key contributions on the... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Key contributions on the research topic

Concept/Theory	Authors/Citation	Key ideas	Relevance to the study
National Systems of Entrepreneurship (NSE)	Ács et al. (2014) Acs et al. (2017, 2018)	• NSE concept explains how individual entrepreneurial actions drive national resource allocation. NSE bridges institution-centric and entrepreneur-centric views • NSE plays a crucial role in explaining differences in economic growth between countries	• Foundation for understanding digital entrepreneurship (DE) in national contexts • Provides empirical evidence supporting the impact of NSE on economic development
National Systems of Entrepreneurship (NSE)	Forerunners • Entrepreneurship process is a dynamic and complex system, ranging from individual decisions to institutional framework conditions (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000; Shane, 2003) • Business survival depends on the ability to get the necessary resources (Mintzberg et al., 1998) • New approach to entrepreneurship research (behavior, context, entrepreneurial outcome (Low and MacMillan, 1988) • Entrepreneurship is a socially embedded phenomenon (Aldrich and Zimmer, 1986) • The diversity of the environmental context determines the existence of various types of entrepreneurs (Vesper, 1980)
National Innovation System (NIS)	Lundvall (2007, 2010, 2016), Lundvall et al. (2002), Peters (2006), Rosenberg and Nelson (1994)	• NIS literature emphasizes the role of institutions in fostering innovation	• Comparison points for understanding the gap between institution-centric and entrepreneur-centric perspectives • Provides the institutional-centric view contrasted with individual perspectives in NSE.
The theory of entrepreneurial personality traits	Salmony and Kanbach (2022) Daspit et al. (2023)	• Focuses on individual judgment and choice in entrepreneurship • Focus on entrepreneurial profile, characteristics, personality traits	• Provides the individual-centric view contrasted with institutional perspectives in NSE
The theory of entrepreneurial personality traits	Forerunners • Ability to recognize opportunities (Kirzner, 1997 ) • A desire for fulfilment, a high risk-taking capacity; a capacity for internal control, tolerance of ambiguity (Brockhaus and Horwitz, 1985) • Tendency to be creative (Martin, 1982) • Psychological characteristics: pursuit of excellence, the need for independence, and the desire for fulfilment (McClelland, 1961) • Entrepreneur is distinguished more by his ability to innovate (Schumpeter, 1934)
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem	Audretsch and Belitski (2017), Neck et al. (2004), Roundy et al. (2018), Spigel (2017), Stam and Van de Ven (2021), Autio et al. (2018), Feld (2012), García-Lillo et al. (2023), Autio et al. (2018)	• Regional communities of stakeholders • System-level outcomes • Regional regulators of entrepreneurship • Specialization in non-technical, non-industry-specific knowledge	• Defines and explains the components and dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems • Identifying EE as a digital economy phenomenon that leverages technology to enable new ventures to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities through radical business model innovation
Impact of Digitalization on Entrepreneurship	Blank (2013), Blank and Eckhardt (2023), Ries (2011), Zott and Amit (2007) Bejjani et al. (2023)	• Lean entrepreneurship emphasizes rapid, incremental experimentation • Digitalization fundamentally alters the entrepreneurial heuristic and opportunity pursuit • Digital entrepreneurial ecosystems (DEE) rely on digital infrastructure and heterogeneous actors for value co-creation • Facilitation of digital business model experimentation	• Connects digitalization with new approaches in entrepreneurial experimentation and business model innovation • Provides insights into how digitalization shapes regional entrepreneurial dynamics

Concept/Theory	Authors/Citation	Key ideas	Relevance to the study
National Systems of Entrepreneurship (NSE)	Ács et al. (2014)Acs et al. (2017, 2018)	• NSE concept explains how individual entrepreneurial actions drive national resource allocation. NSE bridges institution-centric and entrepreneur-centric views • NSE plays a crucial role in explaining differences in economic growth between countries	• Foundation for understanding digital entrepreneurship (DE) in national contexts • Provides empirical evidence supporting the impact of NSE on economic development
National Systems of Entrepreneurship (NSE)	Forerunners• Entrepreneurship process is a dynamic and complex system, ranging from individual decisions to institutional framework conditions (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000; Shane, 2003) • Business survival depends on the ability to get the necessary resources (Mintzberg et al., 1998) • New approach to entrepreneurship research (behavior, context, entrepreneurial outcome (Low and MacMillan, 1988) • Entrepreneurship is a socially embedded phenomenon (Aldrich and Zimmer, 1986) • The diversity of the environmental context determines the existence of various types of entrepreneurs (Vesper, 1980)
National Innovation System (NIS)	Lundvall (2007, 2010, 2016), Lundvall et al. (2002),Peters (2006),Rosenberg and Nelson (1994)	• NIS literature emphasizes the role of institutions in fostering innovation	• Comparison points for understanding the gap between institution-centric and entrepreneur-centric perspectives • Provides the institutional-centric view contrasted with individual perspectives in NSE.
The theory of entrepreneurial personality traits	Salmony and Kanbach (2022)Daspit et al. (2023)	• Focuses on individual judgment and choice in entrepreneurship • Focus on entrepreneurial profile, characteristics, personality traits	• Provides the individual-centric view contrasted with institutional perspectives in NSE
The theory of entrepreneurial personality traits	Forerunners• Ability to recognize opportunities (Kirzner, 1997) • A desire for fulfilment, a high risk-taking capacity; a capacity for internal control, tolerance of ambiguity (Brockhaus and Horwitz, 1985) • Tendency to be creative (Martin, 1982) • Psychological characteristics: pursuit of excellence, the need for independence, and the desire for fulfilment (McClelland, 1961) • Entrepreneur is distinguished more by his ability to innovate (Schumpeter, 1934)
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem	Audretsch and Belitski (2017), Neck et al. (2004), Roundy et al. (2018), Spigel (2017), Stam and Van de Ven (2021), Autio et al. (2018), Feld (2012), García-Lillo et al. (2023),Autio et al. (2018)	• Regional communities of stakeholders • System-level outcomes • Regional regulators of entrepreneurship • Specialization in non-technical, non-industry-specific knowledge	• Defines and explains the components and dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems • Identifying EE as a digital economy phenomenon that leverages technology to enable new ventures to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities through radical business model innovation
Impact of Digitalization on Entrepreneurship	Blank (2013), Blank and Eckhardt (2023), Ries (2011), Zott and Amit (2007)Bejjani et al. (2023)	• Lean entrepreneurship emphasizes rapid, incremental experimentation • Digitalization fundamentally alters the entrepreneurial heuristic and opportunity pursuit • Digital entrepreneurial ecosystems (DEE) rely on digital infrastructure and heterogeneous actors for value co-creation • Facilitation of digital business model experimentation	• Connects digitalization with new approaches in entrepreneurial experimentation and business model innovation • Provides insights into how digitalization shapes regional entrepreneurial dynamics

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