Glimpse of major milestones in earnings management literature
| Year | Author | Contribution to literature |
|---|---|---|
| (1985) | Healy | The first model for DA (Discretionary accruals) estimation by presuming mean reversion mechanism for NDA (Non-discretionary accruals) |
| (1987) | Jennings | Unsystematic security price movements during the week of earnings forecasts |
| (1988) | McNichols and Wilson | Use of provision for bad debts as an income-decreasing mechanism |
| (1989) | Schipper | Asymmetry of information between insiders and outsiders |
| (1991) | Jones | Managing of earnings to increase the amount of import relief grant |
| (1995) | Dechow et al. | Incorporated Sales-based manipulation into the DA estimation model |
| (1997) | Burgstahler and Dichev | EM as a technique to increase earnings or to decrease losses |
| (1998) | Teoh et al. | Unusual accruals during IPO lead to poor stock returns in the future |
| (1999) | Healy and Wahlen | Coined comprehensive definition of earnings management |
| (2000) | McNichols | Analyzed Research design issues through specific and aggressive accruals |
| (2003) | Leuz et al. | Addressed investor protection at the international level |
| (2006) | Burgstahler et al. | Reporting incentives behind managerial discretion |
| (2006) | Roychowdhury | Estimation of REM through 3 proxies |
| (2010) | Callao and Jarne | Impact of IFRS in managerial discretions |
| (2012) | Gopalan and Jayaraman | Insider incentives and motives behind EM practices |
| (2013) | Hasnan, Rahman, and Mahenthiran | Evidence for EM before the year of fraudulent financial reporting |
| (2014) | Filip and Raffournier | EM behavior during the financial crisis period |
| (2015) | Ali and Zhang | Overstatement of earnings is more during the early years of CEOs |
| (2016) | Obigbemi, Omolehinwa, Mukoro, Ben-Caleb, and Olusanmi | Association between board meetings and EM practices |
| (2017) | Lo, Ramos, and Rogo | Effect of EM on the transparency of financial reporting |
| (2018) | Almahrog, Ali Aribi, and Arun | Impact of CSR on EM practices |
| (2019) | Liu and Lee | Effect of CSR on tax avoidance mechanisms |
| (2021) | Velte | Carbon performance, Environmental performance, and EM behavior |
| (2022) | Yuan, Zeng, Yuan, and Lan | Irregularities in corporate financial reporting and ESG disclosure |
| (2023) | Aqabna, Aga, and Jabari | Impact of EM on CSR and Firm Performance during COVID-19 |
| Year | Author | Contribution to literature |
|---|---|---|
| ( | Healy | The first model for DA (Discretionary accruals) estimation by presuming mean reversion mechanism for NDA (Non-discretionary accruals) |
| ( | Jennings | Unsystematic security price movements during the week of earnings forecasts |
| ( | McNichols and Wilson | Use of provision for bad debts as an income-decreasing mechanism |
| ( | Schipper | Asymmetry of information between insiders and outsiders |
| ( | Jones | Managing of earnings to increase the amount of import relief grant |
| ( | Dechow | Incorporated Sales-based manipulation into the DA estimation model |
| ( | Burgstahler and Dichev | EM as a technique to increase earnings or to decrease losses |
| ( | Teoh | Unusual accruals during IPO lead to poor stock returns in the future |
| ( | Healy and Wahlen | Coined comprehensive definition of earnings management |
| ( | McNichols | Analyzed Research design issues through specific and aggressive accruals |
| ( | Leuz | Addressed investor protection at the international level |
| ( | Burgstahler | Reporting incentives behind managerial discretion |
| ( | Roychowdhury | Estimation of REM through 3 proxies |
| ( | Callao and Jarne | Impact of IFRS in managerial discretions |
| ( | Gopalan and Jayaraman | Insider incentives and motives behind EM practices |
| ( | Hasnan, Rahman, and Mahenthiran | Evidence for EM before the year of fraudulent financial reporting |
| ( | Filip and Raffournier | EM behavior during the financial crisis period |
| ( | Ali and Zhang | Overstatement of earnings is more during the early years of CEOs |
| ( | Obigbemi, Omolehinwa, Mukoro, Ben-Caleb, and Olusanmi | Association between board meetings and EM practices |
| ( | Lo, Ramos, and Rogo | Effect of EM on the transparency of financial reporting |
| ( | Almahrog, Ali Aribi, and Arun | Impact of CSR on EM practices |
| ( | Liu and Lee | Effect of CSR on tax avoidance mechanisms |
| ( | Velte | Carbon performance, Environmental performance, and EM behavior |
| ( | Yuan, Zeng, Yuan, and Lan | Irregularities in corporate financial reporting and ESG disclosure |
| ( | Aqabna, Aga, and Jabari | Impact of EM on CSR and Firm Performance during COVID-19 |
Source(s): Table by authors
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