Industry 4.0 technologies integration in different stages of PPCUPDCM construction and demolition waste management framework
| I4.0 technology | P | P | C | U | P | D | C | M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Material Flow Analysis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 23 | 0 | 94 |
| Material Passports | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Building Information Modeling | 97 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Robotic demolition system | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 96 | 0 | 0 |
| Life Cycle Assessment Tool | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Global Positioning System | 2 | 5 | 13 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 82 | 0 |
| Artificial Intelligence based sorting systems | 65 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 71 | 25 | 33 | 73 |
| Machine Learning Approaches | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 3 | 13 | 0 |
| Geographic Information Systems | 77 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Big Data Analytics | 3 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| Radio-frequency Identification | 0 | 95 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 4 | 0 |
| Vision-based Robotic Systems | 0 | 0 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 22 | 0 |
| Digital Twin | 86 | 4 | 0 | 71 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3D Printing Technology | 0 | 0 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 |
| X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy Techniques | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 85 |
| Blockchain Technology | 0 | 101 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 77 | 3 |
| Multi-sensor Fusion Methods | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61 | 0 |
| Internet of Things Sensors | 0 | 0 | 85 | 91 | 0 | 81 | 0 | 0 |
| AI based maintenance System | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| I4.0 technology | P | P | C | U | P | D | C | M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Material Flow Analysis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 23 | 0 | 94 |
| Material Passports | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Building Information Modeling | 97 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Robotic demolition system | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 96 | 0 | 0 |
| Life Cycle Assessment Tool | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Global Positioning System | 2 | 5 | 13 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 82 | 0 |
| Artificial Intelligence based sorting systems | 65 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 71 | 25 | 33 | 73 |
| Machine Learning Approaches | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 3 | 13 | 0 |
| Geographic Information Systems | 77 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Big Data Analytics | 3 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| Radio-frequency Identification | 0 | 95 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 4 | 0 |
| Vision-based Robotic Systems | 0 | 0 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 78 | 22 | 0 |
| Digital Twin | 86 | 4 | 0 | 71 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3D Printing Technology | 0 | 0 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 |
| X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy Techniques | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 85 |
| Blockchain Technology | 0 | 101 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 77 | 3 |
| Multi-sensor Fusion Methods | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61 | 0 |
| Internet of Things Sensors | 0 | 0 | 85 | 91 | 0 | 81 | 0 | 0 |
| AI based maintenance System | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Note(s): *P: Preconstruction, P: Procurement, C: Construction, U: Use and Operations, P: Pre-demolition, D: Demolition or Renovation, C: Collection and Distribution, M: Material Circularity
Source(s): Created by the authors