Table 2

Examples of self-oriented and other-oriented actions and their potential effects on individual and intergenerational well-being

ActionsPotential effects on …
Physical well-beingCognitive well-beingEmotional well-beingSocial well-beingFinancial well-being
Self-oriented actions     
Engaging in regular physical training; adopting healthy eating habits; maintaining routines that include physical activityReduced chronic diseases, extended lifespan, improved body mass and functionMaintained or improved cognitive functionReduced risk of depression and anxietyBuilding connections with training and health-promoting communitiesSaving public resources (reduced need for treatment of preventable diseases)
Engaging in activities that challenge the brain: solving puzzles, learning new skills, or taking part in educational coursesMaintained or improved bodily controlMaintained and enhanced cognitive function, increased self-efficacyFeelings of pride, curiosity, empowerment, confidence; reduction of anxiety and depressionMaintained or improved social functionBetter economic and financial decision-making
Actively taking measures to reduce stress, such as mindfulness and meditation, and seeking enriching experiences, such as pursuing hobbies and leisure activitiesExtended lifespan, enhanced immunity and cardiovascular function, reduced prevalence of chronic diseasesEnhanced motivation, improved attention, heightened creativityIncreased positive emotions, including pleasure, excitement, serenity, amusement, inspirationGreater social engagement, stronger social connectionsMore active investment and saving behavior, spending fewer resources
Actively maintaining existing relationships; engaging in social activities, making new friends, and staying connectedExtended lifespan, enhanced cardiovascular function, functional support, and assistanceIncreased self-efficacy, increased access to collective knowledge and experienceLower stress level and depression risk, more appraisal and more self-esteemGreater social engagement and a bigger social networkGreater financial security, job opportunities
Developing and maintaining an individual pension plan; planning for retirement and managing financesMore resources to mitigate eventual morbiditiesIncreased access to cognitively stimulating experiencesReduced stress and anxiety, increased confidence and prideMaintained or enhanced social functioningFinancial independence, opportunities to indulge oneself
Other-oriented actions     
Consuming sustainable food; using digital technologies instead of physical travelingImproved health due to a cleaner environment and more healthy dietsStrengthened cognitive function, stimulated visuospatial functioning (e.g. experiencing VR)Increased positive feelings and pride in saving the planetBeing a part of a sustainable consumption community; better relations among distant relatives and friendsSaving resources on travel; better local economy (e.g. support of local farmers)
Giving lectures, telling stories, mentoring, or participating in community education programsMaintained or improved health due to physical activityPreserved knowledge, improved cognitive skills and function, increased self-efficacyIncreased positive feelings of curiosity, empowerment, creativity, confidenceBuilding connections with learning communitiesOpportunities for additional income Job opportunities
Making others happy through organizing social events, offering emotional support, and creating joyful environmentsLonger life, better cardiovascular function, less chronic diseasesMaintained or improved planning, reasoning, and decision-making skillsIncreased positive emotions, excitementMeaningful connections (e.g. members of organizing committees)Opportunities for additional income Job opportunities
Volunteering and community service, caring for neighboring kids, or working in nursing homesImproved physical shape, longer life, better cardiovascular functionIncreased knowledgeIncreased positive emotions, empathyEnhanced sense of belonging and mutual support, strengthened community bondsSaving public resources
Retiring later and continuing participation in the workforceImproved physical shapeMaintained and enhanced cognitive functionIncreased positive emotions and sense of being neededMeaningful and engaging workplace connectionsFinancial independence; reduced financial burden on younger generations
Source(s): Authors’ own work

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal