Table 1

Financial Access, Women’s Participation in the Labor Market and CO2 emissions (GMM) (Evidence of Synergies)

Dependent variable: CO2 emissions
LFPUnemploymentEmployment
Constant0.28705***0.37759***0.49356***
(0.07375)(0.11582)(0.17449)
L.CO2 emissions0.98196***0.98897***0.95973***
(0.00706)(0.01151)(0.01684)
LFP0.00192**  
(0.00081)  
Unemployment–−0.00294*** 
 (0.00257) 
Enployment  −0.00021***
  (0.00074)
DCPS−0.00066***0.00058***0.00035***
(0.00055)(0.00053)(0.00043)
DCLFP0.00002***  
(0.00001)  
DCUnempl −0.00002*** 
 (0.00002) 
DCEmpl  −0.00001***
  (0.00001)
GDP−0.02934**−0.03875**−0.02255**
(0.01255)(0.01817)(0.02541)
FDI0.00167***0.00111**0.00161***
(0.00034)(0.00044)(0.00040)
Population−0.00045**0.00066***−0.00008***
(0.00040)(0.00082)(0.00131)
Time EffectsYesYesYes
Thresholds of DCPSPositive SynergyNegative SynergyNegative Synergy
AR(1)(0.000)(0.000)(0.000)
AR(2)(0.105)(0.094)(0.121)
Sargan OIR(0.071)(0.062)(0.097)
Hansen OIR(0.492)(0.599)(0.426)
DHT for instruments   
(a)Instruments in levels   
H excluding group(0.177)(0.220)(0.198)
Dif(null, H = exogenous)(0.731)(0.802)(0.620)
(b) IV (years, eq(diff))   
H excluding group(0.093)(0.296)(0.294)
Dif(null, H = exogenous)(0.987)(0.832)(0.574)
Fisher1.21e+06 ***799951.19***478352.27 ***
Instruments323636
Countries393939
Observations345345345

Note(s): Standard errors in parentheses; ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

“n.s.a: not specifically applicable because the two estimated coefficients relevant for the computation of net effects and/or thresholds have the same signs”. The mean value of DCPS is 54.480 and the range of DCPS is 2.215–201.258.

Source(s): Authors’ own work
[ViewLarge]
This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal