Table 3 Financial Access, Unemployment...

Table 3

Financial Access, Unemployment and CO₂ emissions (Avoidable Unemployment Thresholds)

	Dependent variable: CO₂ emissions
	OLS	Q.10	Q.25	Q.50	Q.75	Q.90
Constant	−109.04958**	−115.42992	−116.47619**	−48.33106	−88.67155	−52.34668
Constant	(47.90382)	(105.20377)	(59.23035)	(60.34815)	(65.15397)	(79.95692)
Unemployment	−0.00961**	−0.04547**	−0.02866**	−0.05736***	−0.07704***	−0.00676**
Unemployment	(0.02136)	(0.03788)	(0.02133)	(0.02173)	(0.02346)	(0.02879)
DCPS	−0.00553***	−0.00482***	−0.01098***	−0.01251***	−0.01231***	−0.01136**
DCPS	(0.00260)	(0.00664)	(0.00374)	(0.00381)	(0.00411)	(0.00504)
DCUnempl	0.00022***	−0.00001***	0.00050***	0.00065**	0.00091***	0.00029***
DCUnempl	(0.00024)	(0.00046)	(0.00026)	(0.00026)	(0.00028)	(0.00035)
GDP	0.94159***	1.07393***	0.91414***	0.47213***	1.05757***	2.08764***
GDP	(0.08631)	(0.19074)	(0.10739)	(0.10941)	(0.11813)	(0.14496)
FDI	−0.00170***	0.01579**	0.01371***	−0.00458***	−0.00080**	−0.00706**
FDI	(0.00394)	(0.01551)	(0.00873)	(0.00890)	(0.00961)	(0.01179)
Population	−0.01875***	−0.03244**	−0.02179***	0.00625***	−0.00676***	−0.02869***
Population	(0.00595)	(0.01352)	(0.00761)	(0.00776)	(0.00838)	(0.01028)
Time Effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Thresholds of Unempl	22.1363	Negative Synergy	21.9600	19.2461	13.5274	39.1724
R²/Pseudo R²	0.3232	0.2248	0.2324	0.1829	0.2045	0.3304
Fisher	30.68***
Observations	377	377	377	377	377	377

	Dependent variable: CO₂ emissions
	OLS	Q.10	Q.25	Q.50	Q.75	Q.90
Constant	−109.04958**	−115.42992	−116.47619**	−48.33106	−88.67155	−52.34668
Constant	(47.90382)	(105.20377)	(59.23035)	(60.34815)	(65.15397)	(79.95692)
Unemployment	−0.00961**	−0.04547**	−0.02866**	−0.05736***	−0.07704***	−0.00676**
Unemployment	(0.02136)	(0.03788)	(0.02133)	(0.02173)	(0.02346)	(0.02879)
DCPS	−0.00553***	−0.00482***	−0.01098***	−0.01251***	−0.01231***	−0.01136**
DCPS	(0.00260)	(0.00664)	(0.00374)	(0.00381)	(0.00411)	(0.00504)
DCUnempl	0.00022***	−0.00001***	0.00050***	0.00065**	0.00091***	0.00029***
DCUnempl	(0.00024)	(0.00046)	(0.00026)	(0.00026)	(0.00028)	(0.00035)
GDP	0.94159***	1.07393***	0.91414***	0.47213***	1.05757***	2.08764***
GDP	(0.08631)	(0.19074)	(0.10739)	(0.10941)	(0.11813)	(0.14496)
FDI	−0.00170***	0.01579**	0.01371***	−0.00458***	−0.00080**	−0.00706**
FDI	(0.00394)	(0.01551)	(0.00873)	(0.00890)	(0.00961)	(0.01179)
Population	−0.01875***	−0.03244**	−0.02179***	0.00625***	−0.00676***	−0.02869***
Population	(0.00595)	(0.01352)	(0.00761)	(0.00776)	(0.00838)	(0.01028)
Time Effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Thresholds of Unempl	22.1363	Negative Synergy	21.9600	19.2461	13.5274	39.1724
R²/Pseudo R²	0.3232	0.2248	0.2324	0.1829	0.2045	0.3304
Fisher	30.68***
Observations	377	377	377	377	377	377

Note(s): Robust standard errors in parentheses; ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. The mean value of female unemployment is 8.786 while the range of female unemployment is 0.217–30.297 (% of female labor force)

Source: Authors’ own work

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