Comparison of consensus mechanisms
| Property | PoW | PoS | PBFT |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blockchain type | Public/open | Public/open | Private/permissioned |
| Computational power | High | Medium | Low |
| Energy efficiency | Low | High | High |
| Scalability | Limited | High | Limited |
| Security | High (due to high computational cost) | Moderate (risk of centralisation) | High (can tolerate up to 33.3% faulty nodes) |
| Decentralisation | High | Moderate (potential for centralisation) | Low (requires known participants) |
| Example | Bitcoin (Ma et al., 2020) | Peercoin (King and Nadal, 2012) | Hyperledger Fabric (Castro et al., 1999) |
| Property | PoW | PoS | PBFT |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blockchain type | Public/open | Public/open | Private/permissioned |
| Computational power | High | Medium | Low |
| Energy efficiency | Low | High | High |
| Scalability | Limited | High | Limited |
| Security | High (due to high computational cost) | Moderate (risk of centralisation) | High (can tolerate up to 33.3% faulty nodes) |
| Decentralisation | High | Moderate (potential for centralisation) | Low (requires known participants) |
| Example | Bitcoin ( | Peercoin ( | Hyperledger Fabric ( |
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